Akiyoshi Kitaoka

is a Professor of Psychology at the College of Letters, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan, who has been referred to as "a master of optical art".

In 1984, he received a BSc from the Department of Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, where he studied animal psychology (burrowing behavior in rats) and (at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience) neuronal activity of the inferotemporal cortex in macaque monkeys. After his 1991 PhD from the Institute of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, he specialized in visual perception and visual illusions of geometrical shape, brightness, color, in motion illusions and other visual phenomena like Gestalt completion and Perceptual transparency, based on a modern conception of Gestalt Psychology.

The authors of a review of the last 25 years of motion psychophysics wrote,

The ''Rotating Snakes'' peripheral drift illusion has been widely circulated, as have many of his other images. Backus and Oruc wrote that Kitaoka created these images by a kind of "evolutionary process": "Patterns that gave rise to the maximum illusory motion were selected, and new patterns were made by varying them in an iterative cycle."

In 2008, his designs were the inspiration for the experimental pop band Animal Collective's critically acclaimed album, ''Merriweather Post Pavilion'', which features a leaf covered optical illusion.

He was asked by Jeff Koons to provide illusions for the interior packaging of Lady Gaga's 2013 album ''Artpop'', and a version of his "Hatpin urchin" image appears on the CD itself. Provided by Wikipedia