World Health Organization

The headquarters in [[Geneva]] was designed by [[Jean Tschumi]] and inaugurated in 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for global public health. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has six regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. Only sovereign States can participate, and it is the largest intergovernmental health organization at the international level.The purpose of the World Health Organization is to achieve the highest possible level of health for all the world's people. The main functions of the World Health Organization include: to promote the control of epidemic and endemic diseases; to provide and improve the teaching and training in public health, the medical treatment of disease and related matters; and to promote the establishment of international standards for biological products.

"To achieve the highest possible level of health for all the people of the world.

The World Health Organization defines health as & 'a state of perfection in physical, mental, and social activity."

The goal is to create a better, healthier future for people everywhere.

The WHO was established on April 7, 1948, and formally began its work on September 1, 1948. It incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the League of Nations' Health Organization and the Paris-based , including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The agency's work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources.

The WHO's official mandate is to promote health and safety while helping the vulnerable worldwide. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards, collects data on global health issues, and serves as a forum for scientific or policy discussions related to health. Its official publication, the ''World Health Report'', provides assessments of worldwide health topics.

The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and cancer; healthy diet, nutrition, and food security; occupational health; and substance abuse. The agency advocates for universal health care coverage, engagement with the monitoring of public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting health and well-being generally.

The WHO is governed by the World Health Assembly (WHA), which is composed of its 194 member states. The WHA elects and advises an executive board made up of 34 health specialists; selects the WHO's chief administrator, the director-general (currently Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of Ethiopia); sets goals and priorities; and approves the budget and activities. The WHO is funded primarily by contributions from member states (both assessed and voluntary), followed by private donors. Its total approved budget for 2020–2021 is over $7.2 billion, while the approved budget for 2022–2023 is over $6.2 billion. The budget is $6.83 billion for 2024–2025.

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Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020
by Alm, E., Broberg, E.K., Connor, T., Hodcroft, E.B., Komissarov, A.B., Maurer-Stroh, S., Melidou, A., Neher, R.A., O'Toole, Á., Pereyaslov, D., Beerenwinkel, N., Posada-Céspedes, S., Jablonski, K.P., Ferreira, P.F., Topolsky, I., Avši?-Županc, T., Korva, M., Poljak, M., Zakotnik, S., Zorec, T.M., Bragstad, K., Hungnes, O., Stene-Johansen, K., Reusken, C., Meijer, A., Vennema, H., Ruiz-Roldán, L., Bracho, M.A., García-González, N., Chiner-Oms, Á., Cancino-Muñoz, I., Comas, I., Goig, G.A., Torres-Puente, M., López, M.G., Martínez-Priego, L., D'Auria, G., Ruíz-Hueso, P., Ferrús-Abad, L., de Marco, G., Galan-Vendrell, I., Carbó-Ramirez, S., Ruiz-Rodriguez, P., Coscollá, M., Polackova, K., Kramna, L., Cinek, O., Richter, J., Krashias, G., Tryfonos, C., Bashiardes, S., Koptides, D., Christodoulou, C., Bartolini, B., Gruber, C.E., Di Caro, A., Castilletti, C., Stefani, F., Rimoldi, S.G., Romeri, F., Salerno, F., Polesello, S., Nagy, A., Jirincova, H., Vecerova, J., Novakova, L., Cordey, S., Murtskhvaladze, M., Kotaria, N., Schär, T., Beisel, C., Vugrek, O., Roki?, F., Trgovec-Greif, L., Jurak, I., Rukavina, T., Su?i?, N., Schønning, K., Karst, S.M., Kirkegaard, R.H., Michaelsen, T.Y., Sørensen, E.A., Knutson, S., Brandt, J., Le-Quy, V., Sørensen, T., Petersen, C., Pedersen, M.S., Larsen, S.L., Skov, M.N., Rasmussen, M., Fonager, J., Fomsgaard, A., Maksyutov, R.A., Gavrilova, E.V., Pyankov, O.V., Bodnev, S.A., Tregubchak, T.V., Shvalov, A.N., Antonets, D.V., Resende, P.C., Goya, S., Perrin, A., Lee, R.T., Yadahalli, S., Han, A.X., Russell, C.A., Schmutz, S., Zaheri, M., Kufner, V., Huber, M., Trkola, A., Antwerpen, M., Walter, M.C., van der Werf, S., Gambaro, F., Behillil, S., Enouf, V., Donati, F., Ustinova, M., Rovite, V., Klovins, J., Savicka, O., Wienecke-Baldacchino, A.K., Ragimbeau, C., Fournier, G., Mossong, J., Aberle, S.W., Haukland, M., Enkirch, T., Advani, A., Karlberg, M.L., Lindsjö, O.K., Broddesson, S., Sláviková, M., Li?ková, M., Klempa, B., Staro?ová, E., Tichá, E., Szemes, T., Rus?áková, D., Stadler, T., Quer, J., Anton, A., Andres, C., Piñana, M., Garcia-Cehic, D., Pumarola, T., Izopet, J., Gioula, G., Exindari, M., Papa, A., Chatzidimitriou, D., Metallidis, S., Pappa, S., Macek, M., Geryk, J., Brož, P., Briksí, A., Hubá?ek, P., D?evínek, P., Zajac, M., Kvapil, P., Holub, M., Kvapilová, K., Novotný, A., Kašný, M., Klempt, P., Vapalahti, O., Smura, T., Sironen, T., Selhorst, P., Anthony, C., Ariën, K., Simon-Loriere, E., Rabalski, L., Bienkowska-Szewczyk, K., Borges, V., Isidro, J., Gomes, J.P., Guiomar, R., Pechirra, P., Costa, I., Duarte, S., Vieira, L., Pyrc, K., Zuckerman, N.S., Turdikulova, S., Abdullaev, A., Dalimova, D., Abdurakhimov, A., Tagliabracci, A., Alessandrini, F., Melchionda, F., Onofri, V., Turchi, C., Bagnarelli, P., Menzo, S., Caucci, S., Di Sante, L., Popa, A., Genger, J.-W., Agerer, B., Lercher, A., Endler, L., Smyth, M., Penz, T., Schuster, M., Senekowitsch, M., Laine, J., Bock, C., Bergthaler, A., Shevtsov, A., Kalendar, R., Ramanculov, Y., Graf, A., Muenchhoff, M., Keppler, O.T., Krebs, S., Blum, H., Marcello, A., Licastro, D., D'Agaro, P., Laubscher, F., Vidanovic, D., Tesovic, B., Volkening, J., Clementi, N., Mancini, N., Rupnik, M., Mahnic, A., Walker, A., Houwaart, T., Wienemann, T., Vasconcelos, M.K., Strelow, D., Jensen, B.-E.O., Senff, T., Hülse, L., Adams, O., Andree, M., Hauka, S., Feldt, T., Keitel, V., Kindgen-Milles, D., Timm, J., Pfeffer, K., Dilthey, A.T., Moore, C., Ozdarendeli, A., Pavel, S.T.I., Yetiskin, H., Aydin, G., Holyavkin, C., Uygut, M.A., Cevik, C., Shchetinin, A., Gushchin, V., Dinler-Doganay, G., Doganay, L., Kizilboga-Akgun, T., Karacan, I., Pancer, K., Maes, P., Martí-Carreras, J., Wawina-Bokalanga, T., Vanmechelen, B., Thürmer, A., Wedde, M., Dürrwald, R., von Kleist, M., Drechsel, O., Wolff, T., Fuchs, S., Kmiecinski, R., Michel, J., Nitsche, A., Casas, I., Caballero, M.I., Zaballos, Á., Jiménez, P., Jiménez, M., Fernández, S.M., Fernández, S.V., de la Plaza, I.C., Fadeev, A., Ivanova, A., Sergeeva, M., Stefanelli, P., Estee Torok, M., Hall, G., da Silva Filipe, A., Turtle, L., Afifi, S., McCluggage, K., Beer, R., Ledesma, J., Maksimovic, J., Spellman, K., Hamilton, W.L., Marchbank, A., Southgate, J.A., Underwood, A., Taylor, B., Yeats, C., Abudahab, K., Gemmell, M.R., Eccles, R., Lucaci, A., Nelson, C.A., Rainbow, L., Whitehead, M., Gregory, R., Haldenby, S., Paterson, S., Hughes, M.A., Curran, M.D., Baker, D., Tucker, R., Green, L.R., Feltwell, T., Halstead, F.D., Wyles, M., Jahun, A.S., Ahmad, S.S.Y., Georgana, I., Goodfellow, I., Yakovleva, A., Meredith, L.W., Gavriil, A., Awan, A.R., Fisher, C., Edgeworth, J., Lynch, J., Moore, N., Williams, R., Kidd, S.P., Cortes, N., Brunker, K., McCrone, J.T., Quick, J., Duckworth, N., Walsh, S., Sloan, T., Ludden, C., George, R.P., Eltringham, G., Brown, J.R., Aranday-Cortes, E., Shepherd, J.G., Hughes, J., Li, K.K., Williams, T.C., Johnson, N., Jesudason, N., Mair, D., Thomson, E., Shah, R., Parr, Y.A., Carmichael, S., Robertson, D.L., Nomikou, K., Broos, A., Niebel, M., Smollett, K., Tong, L., Miah, S., Wittner, A., Phillips, N., Payne, B., Dewar, R., Holmes, A., Bolt, F., Price, J.R., Mookerjee, S., Sethi, D.K., Potter, W., Stanley, R., Prakash, R., Dervisevic, S., Graham, J.C., Nelson, A., Smith, D., Young, G.R., Yew, W.C., Todd, J.A., Trebes, A., Andersson, M., Bull, M., Watkins, J., Birchley, A., Gatica-Wilcox, B., Gilbert, L., Kumžiene-Summerhayes, S., Rey, S., Chauhan, A., Butcher, E., Bicknell, K., Elliott, S., Glaysher, S., Lackenby, A., Bibby, D., Platt, S., Mohamed, H., Machin, N.W., Mbisa, J.L., Evans, J., Perry, M., Pacchiarini, N., Corden, S., Adams, A.G., Gaskin, A., Coombs, J., Graham, L.J., Cottrell, S., Morgan, M., Gifford, L., Kolyva, A., Rudder, S.J., Trotter, A.J., Mather, A.E., Aydin, A., Page, A.J., Kay, G.L., de Oliveira Martins, L., Yasir, M., Alikhan, N.-F., Thomson, N.M., Gilroy, R., Kingsley, R.A., O'Grady, J., Gutierrez, A.V., Diaz, M., Viet, T.L., Tedim, A.P., Adriaenssens, E.M., Patrick Mcclure, C., Moore, C., Sang, F., Clark, G., Howson-Wells, H.C., Debebe, J., Ball, J., Chappell, J., Khakh, M., Carlile, M., Loose, M., Lister, M.M., Holmes, N., Tsoleridis, T., Fleming, V.M., Wright, V., Smith, W., Gallagher, M.D., Parker, M., Partridge, D.G., Evans, C., Baker, P., Essex, S., Liggett, S., Keeley, A.J., Bashton, M., Rooke, S., Dervisavic, S., Meader, E.J., Lopez, C.E.B., Angyal, A., Kristiansen, M., Tutill, H.J., Findlay, J., Mestek-Boukhibar, L., Forrest, L., Dyal, P., Williams, R.J., Panchbhaya, Y., Williams, C.A., Roy, S., Pandey, S., Stockton, J., Loman, N.J., Poplawski, R., Nicholls, S., Rowe, W.P.M., Khokhar, F., Pinckert, M.L., Hosmillo, M., Chaudhry, Y., Caller, L.G., Davidson, R.K., Griffith, L., Rambaut, A., Jackson, B., Colquhoun, R., Hill, V., Nichols, J., Asamaphan, P., Darby, A., Jackson, K.A., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Vamos, E.E., Green, A., Aanensen, D., Bonsall, D., Buck, D., Macintyre-Cockett, G., de Cesare, M., Pybus, O., Golubchik, T., Scarlett, G., Loveson, K.F., Robson, S.C., Beckett, A., Lindsey, B., Groves, D.C., Parsons, P.J., McHugh, M.P., Barnes, J.D., Manso, C.F., Grammatopoulos, D., Menger, K.E., Harrison, E., Gunson, R., Peacock, S.J., Gonzalez, G., Carr, M., Mihaela, L., Popovici, O., Brytting, M., Bresner, C., Fuller, W., Workman, T., Mentis, A.F., Kossyvakis, A., Karamitros, T., Pogka, V., Kalliaropoulos, A., Horefti, E., Kontou, A., Martinez-Gonzalez, B., Labropoulou, V., Voulgari-Kokota, A., Evangelidou, M., Bizta, P., Belimezi, M., Lambrechts, L., Doymaz, M.Z., Yazici, M.K., Cetin, N.S., Karaaslan, E., Kallio-Kokko, H., Virtanen, J., Suvanto, M., Nguyen, P.T., Ellonen, P., Hannula, S., Kangas, H., Sreenu, V.B., Burián, K., Terhes, G., Gombos, K., Gyenesei, A., Urbán, P., Herczeg, R., Jakab, F., Kemenesi, G., Tóth, G.E., Somogyi, B., Zana, B., Zeghbib, S., Kuczmog, A., Földes, F., Lanszki, Z., Madai, M., Papp, H., Nagy, Á., Pereszlényi, C.I., Babinszky, G.C., Dudás, G., Csoma, E., Abou Tayoun, A.N., Alsheikh-Ali, A.A., Loney, T., Nowotny, N., Abdul-Wahab, O., Gonzalez-Candelas, F., Andersen, M.H., Taylor, S., The WHO European Region sequencing laboratories and GISAID EpiCoV group.
Published 2021
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HLA and Singaporean Chinese myasthenia gravis
Other Authors: “...WHO IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH & TRAINING CTR...”
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