Analysis of government’s policies on gender issues during COVID-19

• Main Author: Aminudin, Rabi'ah
• Format: Book Chapter
• Language: English; English
• Published: Emerald Publishing 2023
• Subjects: JF Political institutions (General); JF20 Political institutions and public administration
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/105846/13/105846_Analysis%20of%20government%E2%80%99s%20policies.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/105846/19/105846_%20Analysis%20of%20government%27s%20policies%20on%20gender%20issues%20during%20covid-19%20_%20SCOPUS.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/105846/; https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80455-588-020231014/full/html
• Institution: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

Gender equality is a part of the United Nation’s championed sustainable development goal which reflects the global policy priority of bringing women to the table as decision-makers. The year 2021 has seen the highest record of women serving as heads of state and/or government and political representation at national parliaments. However, there seems to be a greater challenge for women to achieve equal political representation as the COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world in 2020 has slowed down women’s political progress at the global level. Until April 2021, COVID-19 has resulted in more than six million casualties and many countries have resorted to taking strict measures to contain the widespread of the virus especially prior to the administration of the vaccines. The strict measures taken by governments worldwide include border closures, extensive contact tracing, physical distancing, and restriction of movements. The pandemic is proven to be precarious not only to public health but also to democracy around the world as governments are given a free pass to silence protests, clamp down on opposition and critics as well as greater control over public movements by using COVID-19 management as a justification. This also has halted the progress made by women’s movements and political activists in championing women’s political representation. Malaysia is one of the countries that imposed long and strict COVID-19-related security and safety measures. This chapter seeks to analyse how COVID-19 is utilized by political institutions specifically the state to embrace or resist changes. COVID-19 is a possible critical juncture that provides opportunities for the state and political parties to renegotiate their structures, values, and positions in society to accommodate women. To explore the gendered responses of political institutions to COVID-19, this chapter identifies two areas to be examined within the Malaysian context (1) the gendered effects of the changes in state structures due to political instability during COVID-19, and (2) government policies that address women during the peak of the COVID-19 period. The results of this study will provide useful insights into the important factors that influence the utilisation of critical junctures either to break a new path or maintain the existing path dependency on political institutions’ policymaking related to gender issues.