Surface analysis and thermal behavior of the functionalized cellulose by glutaric anhydride through a solvent-free and catalyst-free process

• Main Authors: Fahim, Hoda, Motamedzadegan, Ali, Farahmandfar, Reza, Khaligh, Nader Ghaffari
• Format: Article
• Published: Elsevier 2023
• Subjects: Q Science (General); S Agriculture (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.um.edu.my/38762/
• Institution: Universiti Malaya

According to the 12 principles of green chemistry, surface functionalization was performed using glutaric an-hydride under solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions. FTIR spectra and DS analyses demonstrated the func-tionalization of HCl-hydrolyzed cellulose. The influence of two parameters, i.e., the glutaric anhydride concentration and the reaction time, on the functionalization of HCl-hydrolyzed cellulose was investigated. Protocol efficiency was studied by a degree of substitution (DS). It was found that higher concentrations of glutaric anhydride cause an enhancement of DS to 0.75 and 0.87 for GA3-12 and GA9-12, respectively. In addition, the longer reaction time increased zeta potential from-12.2 +/- 1.7 for G9-6 to-34.57 +/- 2.2 for GA9-12. Morphology analysis by SEM showed a decrease in fiber length for the functionalized cellulose. DSC profiles confirmed dehydration at a range of 17 to 134 degrees C. A glass transition was revealed at-30 to-20 degrees C for all studied samples. The fusion, the depolymerization of cellulose chains, the cleavage of glycosidic linkages, and the decomposition of the crystalline parts of cellulose occur at 195 to 374 degrees C. Therefore, an efficient and greener process was developed to functionalize the HCl-hydrolyzed cellulose by glutaric anhydride, a safe and non-toxic anhydride, in the absence of the solvent and catalyst.