Characterization of surface-modified porous PVDF hollow fibers for refinery wastewater treatment using microscopic observation
Microscopic observation was made to investigate the surface structure of porous polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the Guerout-Elford-Ferry equation applied for pure water permeation rate were used t...
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Published: |
Elsevier B.V.
2011
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/28835/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.02.037 |
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Institution: | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |