F region
The F region of the ionosphere is home to the F layer of ionization, also called the Appleton–Barnett layer, after the English physicist Edward Appleton and New Zealand physicist and meteorologist Miles Barnett. As with other ionospheric sectors, 'layer' implies a concentration of plasma, while 'region' is the volume that contains the said layer. The F region contains ionized gases at a height of around 150–800 km (100 to 500 miles) above sea level, placing it in the Earth's thermosphere, a hot region in the upper atmosphere, and also in the heterosphere, where chemical composition varies with height. Generally speaking, the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 and F2 layers.The F-region is located directly above the E region (formerly the Kennelly-Heaviside layer) and below the protonosphere. It acts as a dependable reflector of HF radio signals as it is not affected by atmospheric conditions, although its ionic composition varies with the sunspot cycle. It reflects normal-incident frequencies at or below the critical frequency (approximately 10 MHz) and partially absorbs waves of higher frequency. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Holden, M.T.G., Hsu, L.-Y., Kurt, K., Weinert, L.A., Mather, A.E., Harris, S.R., Strommenger, B., Layer, F., Witte, W., De Lencastre, H., Skov, R., Westh, H., Žemličková, H., Coombs, G., Kearns, A.M., Hill, R.L.R., Edgeworth, J., Gould, I., Gant, V., Cooke, J., Edwards, G.F., McAdam, P.R., Templeton, K.E., McCann, A., Zhou, Z., Castillo-Ramírez, S., Feil, E.J., Hudson, L.O., Enright, M.C., Balloux, F., Aanensen, D.M., Spratt, B.G., Fitzgerald, J.R., Parkhill, J., Achtman, M., Bentley, S.D., Nübel, U.
Published 2016
Get full textPublished 2016
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