ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM LEAVES Orthosiphon stamineus (KUMIS KUCING)

• Main Author: (NIM : 20513323) , HIDAWATI
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/20176
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Orthoshiphon is one genus of the family Lamiaceae. This genus has about 40 species distributed in tropical and subtropical parts of Asia, tropical part of Australia, southern Africa and Madagascar. Some species of the genus Orthosiphon are important medicinal plant. This genus has a large number of chemical compounds that some show pharmacological activity. Of the 40 species that have been reported, Ortosiphon stamineus is the most abundant species that has secondary metabolites and pharmacological activity. In Europe such as the Netherlands, UK and France O. Stamineus is used as a herbal beverage. In Vietnam this plant is used to treat edema, fever, influenza, hepatitis, jaundice, and diuretics. In Malaysia, the leaves of this plant are used as a diuretic, and inflammation of the bladder. In Indonesia, the leaves of this plant are used to treat rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation of the tonsillitis, edema, epilepsy, menstrual disorders, gonorrhea, syphilis, kidney stones, gallstones, acute nephritis and chronic arthritis, rheumatism, diuretic and antipyretic. Secondary metabolites contained in O. Stamineus are diterpene as the main secondary metabolites, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenylpropanoid, organic acids and others. Research conducted on O. Stamineus showed antioxidant activity, diuretic, antitumor, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, intiinflamasi, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective activities. Although the study of phytochemicals in O. Stamineus have been conducted, but the study of phytochemicals in West Java, Indonesia has never been done. In addition, the antibacterial testing of the pure compounds in plants is still limited. In this study the isolation of secondary metabolites from the leaves of O. Stamineus originating from West Java, Indonesia has been carred out. Isolation of secondary metabolites was done by maceration method in methanol. Fractionation of extracts were done with hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent in a ratio of 6:4, 1:1, 3:7, 2:8 and ethyl acetate 100% using the techniques of liquid vacuum chromatography and radial chromatography. Purification of secondary metabolites was done with radial chromatography using a variation of eluent has various polarity. Antibacterial test was done with Disc Diffusion Assay methode. Based on these methods, three flavonoids isolated and identified namely salvigenin, eupatorin, and skutelarein tetramethyl ether; two compounds from class of phenylpropanoid which are cinamic acid derivative, namely caffeic acids and dihydrocaffeic acid; and two compounds from the class of diterpene, namely orthosiphol B and neoorthosiphol B. The structure elucidation of secondary metabolites were done using spectroscopy 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D NMR. Salvigenin is flavonoid compound which has methoxy group at C-4 ', C-6 and C7, eupatorin is flavonoid compound which has methoxy group at C-6, C-7 and C4’, while skutelarein tetramethyl ether or 4 ',5,6,7-tetrametoksiflavon is flavonoid compound which has methoxy group at C-4', C-5, C-6 and C-7. Ortosiphol B (frame isopimarane) and neoortosiphol B (frame staminane) are diterpene compounds which have the acetyl group at C-3 and C-7 and benzoyl group at C-1 and C-11. From research conducted, seven pure compounds have been isolated and identified, namely salvigenin, eupatorin, tetramethylscutellarein, caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, orthosiphol B and neoortosiphol B. Base on antibacterial test, seven compounds haven’t activity for positive gram bacterial (S. aureus dan B. subtilis). Six compounds (salvigenin, eupatorin, scutellarein tetramethyl ether, caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, and neoorthosiphol B) have weak activity for negative gram bacterial (S. dysentriae dan S. parathypii). Orthosiphol B just has weak activity for S. dysentriae. For conclusion, seven pure compounds have been isolated and identified, namely salvigenin, eupatorin, skutelarein tetramethyl ether, caffeic acid, dihydro caffeic acid, orthosiphol B and neoortosifol B. Base on antibacterial assay six compounds have weak activity for negative gram bacterial (S. dysentriae dan S. parathypii).