IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ECOSYSTEM DAMAGE TO FISHERMAN’S LIFE AND LIVELIHOOD IN THE COASTAL REGIONAL OF SEGARA ANAKAN, CILACAP REGENCY

• Main Author: Suryaningsih Kusumawardani NIM: 24015015, Dian
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/21733
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

As one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world with 13,466 islands and 99,092 km of coastline, Indonesia has a vast coastal area and abundant resource potential in it. Coastal areas that are transitional areas between river (freshwater) and marine waters not only hold great potential, but also very susceptible to damage due to the effects of pollution and sedimentation coming from upstream waters. Coastal conditions that are topographically located downstream will be highly dependent on water conditions in the upper reaches, so coastal management requires integration between upstream and downstream. <br /> <br /> <br /> Segara Anakan coastal area located in Cilacap Regency, Central Java is an area that has a strategic socio-ecological function. Strategic aspects of Segara Anakan area lies in the existence of lagoon ecosystem (brackish) and mangrove forest that has ecological functions as the spawning, nurturing and enlargement area of various types of marine biota. However, since these decades, there has been a very drastic ecological change in the coastal ecosystem of Segara Anakan. In the period 1975-2015, the width of the lagoon waters has shrunk by as much as> 4500 ha with a severe silting rate due to the accumulation of upstream sediments of up to 1 million cubic/year, so that the depth of the lagoon only reaches 0.5-5 m. These conditions have a significant impact on the life and livelihood of Kampung Laut people who have been dependent on coastal resources of Segara Anakan. <br /> <br /> <br /> This study aims to determine and analyze comprehensively the factors causing damage Segara Anakan ecosystem and its impacts for the life of Kampung Laut community so that it can be done formulation of the right solution model for coastal area management problem Segara Anakan. The methodology used in this research is descriptive-qualitative with correlation matrix analysis technique to see the correlation between variables in coastal ecosystem with variables on society socio-cultural system. In addition, DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) analysis was also conducted to determine the structure of the problem and its linkages with each other comprehensively. <br /> <br /> <br /> The results of correlation analysis indicate a strong linkage between variables in the ecosystem (abiotic, biotic and land cover) with variables in the socio-cultural system of society (demography, knowledge system, social system, livelihood system, technology system and cultural value system). The damage done to the Segara Anakan ecosystem can not be separated from the socio-cultural system of the community, both upstream and downstream, in the form of activities utilizing natural resources to meet their daily needs. On the contrary, the socio-cultural system of the Kampung Laut community has changed due to the change of landscape of Segara Anakan which originally became a land lagoon. The presence of arising land that triggered the entry of immigrants to Kampung Laut has resulted in acculturation of culture between local people (Pejagan) and immigrant residents (Planjan), one of them in the form of conversion fishermen profession to the agricultural sector or aquaculture. <br /> <br /> <br /> The DPSIR analysis shows the direction of land governance along the Citanduy Watershed and the behavior of upstream-downstream societies which not environmentally friendly is the triggering factor (D) to the Pressure (P) in the form of sedimentation, mangrove and fish resources exploitation, water pollution and the migration of the people to Segara Anakan. The pressure resulted in the existing condition (S) in the form of ecosystem destruction and low level life of coastal communities that impact (I) on the processes of change, both ecological changes in the form of accretion (emergence of land) in Segara Anakan and socio-cultural changes in the community Kampung Laut. The response (R) of these impacts, among others, is a comprehensive assessment that produces various policies such as watershed normalization, rural infrastructure development and coastal community empowerment. However, these efforts have not shown significant results for coastal ecosystem sustainability of Segara Anakan. <br /> <br /> <br /> In general, the critical point of the implementation process of coastal management policy in Indonesia is at the paradigmatic level of each stakeholder. The weak paradigm of maritime and the complexity of bureaucratic mechanisms leads to the disintegration of management between regions and upstream waters and low public participation in supporting the implementation of coastal governance policies. Based on the results of the analysis, the solution model that can be developed from this research is "Framework of Sustainable Development of Coastal Segara Anakan Area Based Upstream-Downstream Integration and Community Participation". This model is expected to realize sustainability both socio-cultural, economic and environmental. <br /> <br /> <br /> Keywords: coastal areas, ecological changes, socio-cultural changes <br />