Study on Toxicity of Combination Treatment of Garlic Oil and Rotenone on Wistar Rat

• Main Author: Suci Candraningsih Candraningsih (NIM 10612003), Dwi
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/21842
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Garlic contains organosulfur compounds that are antioxidants, so often used as a supplement by the community. The role of garlic as an antioxidant is not obtained in some studies that use it to "fight" neurotoxin compounds in tuba root extract. Garlic oil even increases the effects of neurotoxins until they are lethal. The main suspicion of the results of this study is the selection of inappropriate extraction methods, so that the organosulfur content is not enough. To ensure that no other factors contribute to the negative effects of garlic, evaluation of the toxicity of combination of garlic oil and rotenone (as neurotoxins) is indicated. The experimental animals used were male Wistar rats (16-17 weeks, 300-350g). The research was conducted in several stages: (i) determination of garlic extraction method, (ii) determination of rotenone dose, (iii) combination effect of garlic oil and rotenone, (iv) confirmation of toxic effect status of combination compound (v) evaluation of interaction’s type of organosulfur compounds with rotenone. Garlic extraction was done by maceration and distillation method, then the extracted oil was analyzed the content of organosulfur compound using GC-MS. Before observing the combined effects of garlic oil and rotenone, the dose of rotenone was determined. The combined effect of garlic oil-rotenone was evaluated using co-treatment and pre-treatment followed by co-treatment methods, the observed parameter was a decrease in symptoms of Parkinson's-like syndrome. The above compound toxicity status was confirmed by visual appearance and histopathology of the major visceral organs. The fixed-ratio design or isobologram design is used to evaluate the type of interaction between organosulfur and rotenone in visceral organs that exhibit a toxic response. The dosage of garlic oil dose (300, 338, 385, 388, 434, 500 mg / kg bw) was adjusted to the needs of each stage of the study and administered by oral gavage. Rotenone dose (2.25, 2.5; 3mg / kg bw) is given intraperitoneally. The duration of garlic oil and rotenone administration is adjusted to the intent of each stage of the study. The macerated garlic oil contains one type of organosulfur (3.05%). Distilled garlic oil contains 5 types of organosulfur (72.45%), so it is used in the next stage of the study. Rotenone dose 2.25mg / kg bw is a dose that is able to elicit symptoms of Parkinson's-like syndrome. The results of the combined effects of garlic oil and rotenone continued to show a lethal effect accompanied by damage to the stomach, intestine and liver, as in previous studies. Observation of liver tissue on the evaluation of interaction types of organosulfur compounds and rotenone also showed damage to liver tissue in the form of microvesicular steatosis (vacuolation), picnotic nuclei, necrosis and hepatocyte ballooning. Evaluation of the interaction of organosulfur compounds and rotenone was performed by fixed-ratio design because based on the confirmation of toxic effect status of combination compounds, garlic oil showed toxic effect on liver. Garlic oil administration is thought to increase rotenone metabolism in the liver and facilitate the entry of rotenone into the mitochondria. Both of these cause an increase in the amount of ROS in the liver thus disrupting the β-oxidation process of fat and inducing an inflammatory reaction in the liver causing liver damage. The stages in this study showed a combination of garlic oil and rotenon had a toxic effect on Wistar rats.