EFFECTIVENESS OF BINTARO LEAF EXTRACT (Cerbera manghas) WITH VARIOUS FRACTIONS AND DERIVATIVE METHANOL FRACTIONS TOWARDS GOLDEN SNAILS (Pomacea canaliculata L) AS A BOTANICAL MOLLUSCICIDE

• Main Author: YUSMANSYAH (NIM : 20514035), EDDI
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/21861
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Cerbera is a genus belonging to the Apocynaceae family. It consists of 15 species that contain compounds with biological activity which is useful for humans. The genus is commonly found near coastal areas in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. In Indonesia, Cerbera can be found in the tropical rainforests of Aceh, East Kalimantan, West Java, South Sumatra, Sulawesi and Papua. One species of Cerbera in Indonesia is Cerbera manghas, locally known as the bintaro plant. Lignans, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids are the major secondary metabolites in C. manghas. The biological activity test results of some secondary metabolites showed anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anticonvulsant and antiestrogenic activity. Besides its use as an anticancer drug, antiproliferative, and anticonvulsant, C. manghas plants are also used as an insecticide and botanical molluscicide. This is because of its saponin and cardiac glycoside content. The major problem faced by farmers in the cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa) is pests, among them golden snails (Pomacea canaliculata L.), which attack rice plants both in the seedbed and after planting. There are many control techniques that can be done to control the pest snails, one of which is by utilizing botanical molluscicides. The bintaro plant has potential as a botanical pesticide because it contains some bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study is to conduct the extraction of bioactive compounds from the leaves of the bintaro plant, to test the mortality of the pest snails, and evaluate the effect on the toxicity of various methanol fraction derivatives of C. manghas leaves against golden snails and investigate the golden snails diet after being tested with the C. manghas leaf extracts and compounds derived from methanol fraction. The extraction method was carried out by maceration at room temperature with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as the solvents. Mortality testing was conducted by soaking snails in various concentrations of bintaro leaf extract. The snails were placed in an aquarium containing bintaro leaf extract and the percentage of mortality after 48 hours was calculated. The data was processed using probit analysis according <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> to the Busvine-Nash test. The results indicated that all crude extract fractions of bintaro leaves with concentration 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm and fractions F3-A, F3-B and F3-C derived from methanol fraction with a concentration of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ppm were toxic to golden snails. The lethal concentration calculation <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> result shows the F3-A fraction has the highest toxicity (LC50 = 0.33 ppm and LC100 = 0.76 ppm), followed by F3-C fraction (LC50 = 0.39 ppm and LC100 =0.89 ppm), F3-B fraction (LC50 = 0.40 ppm and LC100 = 0.90 ppm),methanol <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> fraction (LC50 = 178.40 and LC100 = 31,188 ppm), the water fraction (LC50 = 235.77 ppm and LC100 = 57.996 ppm), ethyl acetate fraction (LC50 = 339.23 ppm and LC100 = 118,140 ppm), and n-hexane fraction (LC50 = 342.3 ppm and LC100 = 117,598 ppm).