SINTESIS PARTIKEL PARAMAGNETIK GADOLINIUM KARBONAT (Gd2(CO3)3@PEG) DAN GADOLINIUM OKSIDA (Gd2O3@PEG) DENGAN METODE SOLVOTERMAL DAN KALSINASI

• Main Author: LINDA YANI NASUTION (NIM : 20214025), ERIKA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/21964
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Magnetic material Gd2(CO3)3@PEG and Gd2O3@PEG have been used in biomedical field as contrast agent, particularly. Synthesizing of Gd2(CO3)3@PEG and Gd2O3@PEG has several advantages such as facile, fast, and using organic precursors. However, Gd2(CO3)3 and Gd2O3 particles have toxic properties, thus to eliminate the toxic, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the coating layer of particles. The functionalization of PEG to Gd2(CO3)3 and Gd2O3 particles generates (Gd2(CO3)3@PEG) and Gd2O3@PEG particles with biocompactible and monodisperse properties. Therefore, the objective of this research is to synthesize (Gd2(CO3)3@PEG) particles by using solvothermal method. In this work, we have varied time of synthesis from 3 to 8 hours and the product with crystallinity, crystal size, and morphology had used as precursor for synthesized Gd2O3@PEG using calcination method. The prepared samples were characterized by several characterization method such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electron Dispersive X-Ray Diffractometer (EDS). From FTIR characterization, formation of Gd2(CO3)3 molecule is characterized by three characteristic absorption spectrum of ν-O-C-O group, π-CO32-, and δ-CO32-. The funcionalization of PEG as coating is characterized by ν-C-H group, δ-C-H, and ν-C-O-C which present in all samples with varied heating time. The XRD result shows that the obtained Gd2(CO3)3 has hexagonal crystal structure which confirmed by #JCPDS No. 37-0559. Crystal size is determined by Scherrer equation was obtained on the sample heating times 3; 5; and 8 hours is 0.3 nm; 21.07 nm; and 9.87 nm. Analysis FTIR spectrum with calcination temperature of 400 °C showed formation of Gd2O3@PEG confirmed by the characteristic absorption peak of Gd-O group in wavenumbers of 521 cm-1. The attachment of PEG on the surface of Gd2O3 indicated by characteristic absorption peaks of ʋ-O-H, ʋas-O-C-O, and C-O-C, while at the sample calcinated at 800 oC, the PEG group is almost completely decomposed, increases the intensity of Gd-O group. The XRD results indicate that the nanoparticle of Gd2O3@PEG successfully obtained with cubic symmetry which were in agreement with XRD spectrum database (JCPDS No. 43-1014) at a temperature of 400 °C and 800 °C respectively. The particle sizes at a temperature of 400 °C and 800 °C is around 2.16 and 24.49 nm respectively. The SEM result showed the morphology of Gd2(CO3)3@PEG is agglomerated to micro-size particles, while Gd2O3@PEG has nano-size particles. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Gd2(CO3)3 and Gd2O3 elements. The determine magnetic properties of the materials, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) was used and results Gd2(CO3)3@PEG and Gd2O3@PEG have paramagnetic properties. The performance test of Gd2(CO3)3@PEG particles from T1 weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images showed high contrast of phantom images after Gd2(CO3)3@PEG and linear to the particle consentration. This is suggesting that Gd2(CO3)3@PEG particles can be used as efficient T1 contrast agent.