DEVELOPMENT OF VERTICAL TSUNAMI EVACUATION PLANNING MODEL USING MODIFICATION OF ESCAPE PROGRAM (CASE STUDY : PARIAMAN TENGAH DISTRICT, PARIAMAN CITY)

• Main Author: OCTAVIANI (NIM : 25414032), KAMELIA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/22747
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mega tsunami with a scale of 9,2 Mw in 2004 destroyed many coastal cities in Indonesian tsunami prone area, force the countries along Indian ocean especially Indonesia to put tsunami early warning system (Ina-TEWS) as their priority. This system disseminate warning within approximately 5 minutes, inline with this Ina-TEWS, therefore it is necessary for the city governments that are vulnerable to tsunami to be prepared and has emergency response, include Pariaman City, close to (nearby) the subduction area and experienced earthquake which potentially became tsunami in year 1979-2009 for 6 times. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Tsunami Preparedness in Pariaman City includes tsunami risk assessment, establish the municipality law for disaster management, development of institutional and infrastructure for tsunami early warning system and preparedness (e.g. tsunami drill for student and representative from sub-districts) and contingency plan and tsunami evacuation planning model to evacuate all the people into safe area. However, this planning is not optimal yet and does not consider scientific approach. Therefore, further assessment is needed to evaluate whether the location and the capacity of shelters in Pariaman City can handle all the citizens or not, and whether the evacuation time is adequate (sufficient). <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Therefore, as a part of the Research PEER Cycle 3 - NAS Sub Grant -FFATA 2000004899, a study to assess the existing tsunami evacuation plan was conducted. The study was done by assessing the Vertical Tsunami Evacuation Planning model with ESCAPE, a Modified Program in Central Pariaman District. The location was chosen in this study is Pariaman District, because of its most-dense population and it posses 5 districts which are located along coastal areas. Objective of this study is to evaluate and provide recommendation of Tsunami Evacuation Planning Model by using vertical shelter in Pariaman District. This research method is carried out by qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative research was conducted by questionnaire method and interviewing the actors who were involved to found the reaction time when tsunami occured in 2009. While quantitative method was conducted by assessing Tsunami Evacuation Model based on Main Simulation Program (flow direction, basin, evacuation time), route program (route and shelter location), shelter program (basin, exposure). <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Refer to the which analysis, 6 scenarios was used, where one of them was proposed by the Government (Scenario 1A) and the remaining scenarios were proposed based on research. Scenarios from the Government are a plan contains 10 location of shelters and 11 location of exit points, resulting in the status of “weak response capability” for all locations, with the minimum golden time –of 14 minutes and maximum 15 minutes, while for public reaction time the minimum limit is 1 minute and a maximum of 30 minutes. Meanwhile, if the capacity of government and community to be prepared toward tsunami threat is increased up to 100%, then a golden time become minimum: 10 minutes and a maximum: 25 minutes, with a minimum public reaction time of 0.15 minutes and a maximum of 15 minutes, it is resulting in two shelter locations which are safe enough with a good response capability status at the exit point 2 (Cimparuh Sub District) and the exit point 11 (Kampung Baru Sub District). <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> For the scenario proposed in this research (Scenario 2A), by using 55 new locations, it was also resulting in the status of “weak response capability” in 48 points of all locations, within a minimum golden time minimum : -16 minutes, maximum : 4 minutes, with a minimum reaction time : 1 minutes, maximum : 31 minutes. Meanwhile, if the capacity of government and community to be prepared toward tsunami threat is increased up to 100%, the golden time will be : 10 minutes, and maximum : 25 minutes, the minimum public reaction time : 0.5 minutes, a maximum : 15.5 minutes and resulting in safe shelters with good status response capability for 32 points shelter.It could evacuate the entire community Central Pariaman District, of 73.380 lives. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> For Scenarios 3 with a reaction time from the mode value then the best results is to use the 55 new locations, with a golden time of minimum 10 minutes and a maximum 25 minutes, the minimum reaction time of 0 minutes, maximum 7.5 minutes, and resulting in the safe shelters with good status response capability for 35 locations, that can evacuate the entire of community in Central Pariaman District, of 85.180 lives. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Outcomes and recommendations from the tsunami evacuation planning model indicated the number of TES (Temporary Evacuation Shelter) which is required optimally in every sub-district and the time to evacuate the entire regions. <br />