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The underlying mechanisms of improved oil recovery in sandstone during low salinity waterflooding is not entirely clear. We carried out a series of experiments to investigate the conspired underlying mechanisms that drive an incremental oil recovery. We sequentially combined FTIR Spectroscopy and Th...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/23239 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | The underlying mechanisms of improved oil recovery in sandstone during low salinity waterflooding is not entirely clear. We carried out a series of experiments to investigate the conspired underlying mechanisms that drive an incremental oil recovery. We sequentially combined FTIR Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis to quantify the amount of adsorbed asphaltene component on sandstone with varying clay content. It is shown that quantity of asphaltene adsorbed is proportional to the amount of clay content. Afterward, we observe the time dependent contact angle on sandstone substrate (RMS roughness 9.91 1.31 ) with various clay and brine content to monitor the wettability alteration during low salinity waterflooding. The time dependent contact angle results exhibit the wettability alteration depends on three prominent factors: connate water composition, connate water salinity, and clay content. The existence of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) is found to stabilize sandstone from swelling. Surprisingly, our results show that the rate of contact angle change is insignificant ( although the reduction of divalent ion is happening, compared to the rate of contact angle change with only the presence of NaCl which is altered notably ( . The presence of higher clay contents show an incremental contact angle alteration. The phenomena are driven by the interaction of the brine (and diluted brine) and substrate, as an adjustment of zeta potential up to after 3x dilution (8x lower from initial concentration) observed during the dilution process, and conspired with macroscopic phenomena of clay swelling that leads to surface roughening that enhance the water wetness and formation damage. Finally, our results could lead to a significantly better design of low salinity water injection on Sandstone Reservoir. |
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