COCKROACH AS POTENTIAL VECTOR FOR BACTERIAL PATHOGEN OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN THREE HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN BOGOR AND TANGERANG

• Main Author: KHAIRANI (NIM: 20614003), RINDANG
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/24005
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Health care facilities, in contrast to its function, could be a major source of infection, which known as nosocomial infection. This category of disease can affect patient, health workers, as well as visitor of health care facilities. Nosocomial infection can be spreaded in various ways, including mechanically transmitted by cockroach –an urban insect pest which has ability to carry pathogens in its body. Cockroach can be found in health care facilities as one of suitable habitats for cockroach with food source and shelters. Regarding to cockroach’s behaviour, pathogens of nosocomial infection could be carried and excreted to environment. This study was conducted to measure the risk of infection spreading by cockroaches in three health care facilities in Bogor and Tangerang district. The health care facilities conduct conventional management for their pest control program, with high frequency of insecticide application. Cockroach finding in various locations indicating cockroach resistance to insecticide used in health care facilities. Cockroaches were captured directly from some locations, such as toilet, sewer, pharmacy installation perimeter, storeroom, pantry, outside perimeter, and under-construction building; all of the cockroaches were American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Cockroaches from collection sites that were alive and with complete body parts were brought to laboratorium for bacteria isolation process from homogenat of its integumen and gut. Bacteria identification process was done by plate streaking in agar media, Gram staining, morphological identification, and some biochemical tests. Identification process showed two Gram positive bacteria species, Staphylococcus sp. andBacillus sp., and four bacteria species from Famili Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Serratia sp., Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus mirabiliswere carried by cockroach in its integumen and gut. All of six bacteria species are known as potential pathogen to cause nosocomial infection. The locations where cockroach were found shows probability for the bacteria to be spreaded in various ways, such as carried by water flow, waste, or excreted in inanimate objects in health care facilities. Bacteria from cockroaches were isolated from integumen and gut homogenat, with higher diversity and sample number found in gut integumen, which condition is more stable, nutrition-rich, and supportive for bacterial growth, compared with outer body surface. Identified bacteria were tested with susceptibility test to antibiotic with disk-diffusion method. Antibiotic used in test are six commonly-used antibiotic in Bogor and Tangerang, which are amoxycillin, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, cefadroxil, and ciprofloxacin. Test result showed that each bacteria species is resistant to at least two kind of antibiotic. The finding of potential pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection from cockroaches found in health care facilities shows potency of this insect pest as vector of nosocomial infection, which also be able to transmit resistant bacteria to patient, health workers, and visitor in health care facilities. There is a need for three health care facilities to evaluate their pest control programs and conduct integrated pest management program to control cockroach infestation and minimalize access from cockroach to human, both directly and indirectly.