Toxicity of Sarimukti Municipal Landfill Leachate to Male Gonad and Spermatogenesis of Wistar Rat

• Main Author: (NIM : 20614027), SATIRA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/24231
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Several previous studies have shown that Sarimukti municipal landfill leachate is toxic and genotoxic in both germ cells and somatic cells. The effects of genotoxic leachate on sperm and testicular somatic cells show a significant percentage, however, a thorough study related to toxic effects of Sarimukti municipal landfill leachate to testis and spermatogenesis have not been done. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the toxic effects of Sarimukti municipal landfill leachate on the testes and spermatogenesis, and to determine the stage of spermatogenesis most vulnerable to leachate. Seventy-two Wistar rats (240-270 g, 9-10 weeks) were divided into three groups based on the duration of the administration of the substance, which is indicated as a particular stage of spermatogenesis. Group 1, the substances exposed for 14 consecutive days and then rats maintained until day 60 (spermatositogenesis stage). Group 2, the substances exposed for 21 consecutive days and then rats maintained until day 47 (meiosis stage). Group 3, the substances exposed for 21 consecutive days and then rats maintained until day 25 (spermiogenesis stage). Sarimukti municipal landfill leachate (35%, 63%), sterile aquabidestilata and cadmium chloride (CdCl2.2H2O 1mg/kg bw) were administered to all three groups of rat, by intraperitoneally. The effects of treatment on the rat testis were observed through: measurements of the testicular morphometry, sperm conditions, appearance of seminiferous tubular walls and histopathologic of germ cells in the seminiferous tubular walls. To observe the condition of the sperm, the sperm suspension is prepared from the cauda epididymis then made smear preparations, and stained with Acridine Orange. Testicular histologic preparations were prepared according to the standard method, slashed thickness of 7 &#956;m and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The testicular morphometric parameters are the weight, length and diameter of the testes. The percentage of abnormal sperm and the percentage of sperm head DNA integrity are parameters for sperm conditions. Seminiferous tubular wall appearance parameters were the amount of vacuolation of the seminiferous tubular wall, the percentage of seminiferous tubular wall necrosis, the number of Sertoli cell nuclei, the diameter of the seminiferous tubule and the diameter of the seminiferous tubular lumen. Histopathologic observations of germ cells were used in various parameters, ie percentage of exfoliation of germ cells, the number of spermatids failed to elongate and the amount of spermatid retention. In general, landfill leachate has a good toxic effect on testicular morphometry and sperm conditions as well as on seminiferous tubular wall conditions and appearance of germ cells. Landfill leachate effect on all aspects of observation parameters, except for testicular morphometry showed the highest dose-response and highest leachate dose showed the most significant effect, even for some parameters <br /> <br /> showing a more severe effect than the group of animals given CdCl2.2H2O (as positive control). Based on observations of all aspects of the observed parameters, the meiotic stage is the stage of spermatogenesis most vulnerable to landfill leachate. The meiotic stage is the most susceptible stage of environmental disturbance, so that the presence of leachate for 21 days is able to disrupt the developing germ cells in the basal compartment into the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules. Landfill leachate activity can break tight junctions in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules connecting germ cells between Sertoli cells, thus interfering with the meiotic process resulting in cytoplasmic cleavage failure and chromosomal separation. This will damage the structure of sperm DNA. Damage to the tight junction and Sertoli cells also causes the germ cells to be released to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules prior to maturation, resulting in abnormal sperm and seminiferous tubular walls thinning. The depletion of the seminiferous tubular walls is due to an increase in lumen size of the seminiferous tubules and the reduction of the seminiferous tubular epithelial components such as germ cells and Sertoli cells. It also causes the weight loss of the testes. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that: (i) Sarimukti municipal landfill leachate is toxic to sperm caused by damage both in epithelium tubule seminiferus and in germinal cells, (ii) besides that 63% dose of landfill leachate is optimal dose because more than that dose is lethal dose, (iii) the meiotic stage is the most susceptible stage to Sarimukti municipal landfill leachate.