SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM THE LEAVES OF DISCHIDIA NUMMULARIA (ASCLEPIADACEAE) AND THEIR CYTOTOXITY AGAINST MURINE LEUKEMIA P-388 CELLS

• Main Author: MAURIT BENU (NIM: 20515003), SONNI
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/24351
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The use of medicinal plants by people is often based on rational considerations with respect to knowledge of the active compounds contained in certain plants that known have biological activity. Up to now, there are many species of medicinal plants that have not been studied for their active compounds. One of these plants is Dischidia nummularia is an epiphytic climber-plant commonly known as benalu kancing. Dischidia is one genus belonging to Asclepiadaceae family. This species has been widely used as traditional medicines. The people of Timor islands, East Nusa Tenggara province use the leaves of D. nummularia to cure various diseases such as cysts, tumors, and cancer. Previous studies have been reported that the qualitative tests of secondary metabolite showed that the content of this leaves plant were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins. However, there has no reports of chemical evaluations including isolation of secondary metabolites and bioactivity assay of the isolated secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this research, the phytochemical study of the leaves of D. nummularia growing in Timor island to obtain its secondary metabolites and also to examine the bioactivity as anticancer by conducting the cytototoxicity assay against murine leukemia P-388 cells, as the preliminary assay suggested by NCI (National Cancer Institute) in searching anticancer compounds. The leaves of D. nummularia were collected from Timor-island, East Nusa Tenggara province. The isolation of secondary metabolites conducted including the extraction of leaves using acetone solvents, followed by separation and purification of its secondary metabolites were conducted through several chromatography techniques, i.e. vacuum liquid chromatography, radial chromatography, gravitational column chromatography (Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 as stationary phases). The characterization of pure isolated compounds was performed based analysis of spectroscopy data of 1D-NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and 2D-NMR (HSQC and HMBC). Six pure compounds have been successfully isolated from the acetone extract of leaves of D. nummularia. Four compounds were suggested as triterpenoid group, namely glutinol, lanost-5-ene-3&#946;-ol, &#945;-amyrin, and friedelin. While, one compound was a group of steroid, named stigmast-5-ene-3&#946;-ol, and another compound was a xanthone group, i.e. &#945;-mangostin. The six compounds were firstly isolated from D. nummularia. In addition, the acetone extract of D. nummularia leaves and the isolated compounds were examined for their cytotoxic properties against murine leukemia P-388 cells using MTT assay method. The result of the test of four samples, i.e. acetone extract of D. nummularia leaves, glutinol, &#945;-amyrin, and friedeline against the murine leukemia P-388 cells were not active, with IC50 values of 58.33; 29.77; >100; and 92.09 &#956;g/mL respectively. Moreover, according to literature, the two other two isolated compounds, i.e. stigmast-5-ene-3&#946;-ol and &#945;-mangostin have been reported to be active on murine leukemia P-388 cells with IC50 values of 2.4 and 3.2 &#956;g/mL, respectively. <br />