Antimicrobial Activity of Nanochitosan in Symbiotic relationship between Streptococcus mutans - Candida albicans Dual Species Biofilm.

• Main Author: VIBRIANI (NIM: 10614067), AGNIA
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/25114
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify"> Dental caries is demineralization of tooth enamel due to interactions among microorganisms, host (teeth, saliva) and food consumed, as well as external factors (socioeconomics and environment). Caries that attacks primary teeth in children aged &#8804; 72 months are called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Microorganisms that are often found in patients with ECC are Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans which synergize to form biofilms. The current caries treatment is by repairing damaged enamel and using antibiotics. Caries prevention can be done, one of which is maintaining dental and oral hygiene. The method to maintain dental and oral hygiene is using a modified mouthwash by adding nanochitosan which has antimicrobial properties. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of nanochitosan on dual spesies biofilm S. mutans and C. albicans. In this study, the concentrations of nanochitosan applied were 0% (v/v), 15%, 30%, and 45% in the single spesies biofilm of S. mutans, single spesies biofilm C. albicans, and dual species biofilm S. mutans - C. albicans. Treatments with nanochitosan was carried out after the cell adhesion initiation stage using variation of incubating time of 3 hours (adhesion) and 18 hours (maturation). Observations were focused on the percentage of biofilm mass, percentage of nanochitosan inhibition, cell viability, relative expression of gtfB gene S. mutans and als3 gene C. albicans at mRNA level, and measurement of stability and size of nanochitosan particles. The results showed that the average size of nanochitosan was 32.97 ± 17.72 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.32 ± 0.05; and the zeta potential value was 36.06 mV. The administration of nanochitosan to the biofilm for 3 hours, showed an increase in the percentage of biofilm mass and relative expression of gtfB gene, but there was a decrease in cell viability, relative expression of als3 gene in single species biofilm C. albicans and percentage of nanochitosan inhibition. Whereas, the administration of nanochitosan to the biofilm for 18 hours showed a decrease in percentage of biofilm mass, cell viability and relative expression of gtfB gene in dual biofilm species, along with increasing nanochitosan concentration, and an increase in the percentage of nanochitosan inhibition and relative expression of als3 gene in single species biofilm. However, relative expression of als3 has a fluctuating value in dual species biofilms, so the effects of nanochitosan on als3 gene cannot be concluded. Together, this study suggest that nanochitosan have antimicrobial activity in dual species biofilm Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. <br /> <p align="justify">