THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE CALENDAR FROM 8TH CENTURY TO PRESENT

• Main Author: Nashihuddien - Nim: 10314007, Ahmad
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/25191
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">In Javanese culture, traditional celebrations such as grebeg, sekaten, larung risalah doa, etc. are important events based on lunar Javanese Calendar. But after inspecting various inscriptions from ancient Java, it seems that the Javanese Calendar has adopted a luni-solar system since the beginning of the 8th century. This calendar system has number of elements which were more complex than the elements used by the present Javanese Calendar. In this Final Project, the elements of the ancient Javanese Calendar are traced from 210 inscriptions found in the literature to investigate how ancient Javanese Calendar evolved from the eighth to the fifteenth century. <br /> <br /> The Javanese calendar turned into a lunar calendar system, through Sultan Agung's decision in 1644, but with some adaptation from Saka's year and maintain the pancawara. The Javanese people had also very familiar with the Pranatamangsa Calendar which was officially published in 1855 by Paku Buwono VII. This calendar was basically used for agricultural practices, so astronomically it is a solarbased (tropical) calendar system. Furthermore, through interaction with the Dutch, especially with the VOC, the Gregorian calendar system also began to be known in Java since the 18th century. <br /> <br /> Thus, various calendar, luni-solar, solar, and lunar systems, and various combinations have been used in Java, enriching the Javanese's perspective on calendar systems.<p align="justify"> <br />