ESTIMATION OF COLD START EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT SECTORS IN BANDUNG

• Main Author: WAHYU KURNIA Z (NIM: 15312070), DWI
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/26802
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">One of the human activities that cause air pollution is from transportation sector. Transport sector has become the largest source of pollution in urban areas. Bandung is an urban area, with growing number of vehicles. Increasing the number of vehicles, resulting in increasing emissions from motor vehicles. There are three types of emissions from road transport activities, namely hot emissions, cold start emissions and evaporative emissions. This study focused on estimating cold start emissions in Bandung. Cold start emissions are the emissions produced during the warm-up phase. Emissions are typically emitted from residential areas, from private cars and motorcycles. Calculation of cold start emissions were done using speed approach. Cold start emissions consist of cold start excess emissions and hot emissions, in total. Cold start excess emissions is excess emissions at cold start period, while the hot emissions are emissions that should be generated in a motor vehicle under normal conditions. Some fundamental factors that affect cold start emissions are the average speed, ambient temperature, type of vehicle and fuel, parking duration, class of vehicle technology and mileage in cold conditions. For calculation, primary data such as average speed and vehicle distance from survey as well as ambient temperature and number of vehicles from other relevant instance were collected. Based on survey results, the average speed of the vehicle, motorcycle 26.5 km/h and the car 22.49 km/h. For the average travel distance of a vehicle which was 200 meters. The results showed that the cold start emissions from the transport sector in the city of Bandung for the base year 2015 were 156,581.10 tons/year, 8,199,491.26 tons/year, 5494.26 tons/year and 333.07 tons/year of CO, CO2, HC and NOx. Emissions produced during the period of cold start is higher than the hot start conditions because there are differences in the activity data.<p align="justify">