METABOLITE PROFILE OF WHITE LEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FED WITH FERMENTED RED SEAWEED (Kappaphycus alvarezii) DIET SUPPLEMENTATION

• Main Author: IRENE SAPUTRA - NIM: 21117015 , FELICIA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/27274
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">As one of the important aquaculture and food commodity in Indonesia, the higher demand on white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) should be supported by the product availability in high quantity nor quality. However, the biggest obstacle in white leg shrimp aquaculture industry until nowadays has been the loss caused by diseasebased mortality due to virus or pathogenic bacteria. Shrimp’s fitness at once with quality improvement through feed supplementation using fermented red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvaerzii) is an alternative solution regarding the mortality case. <br /> <br /> This research aims to know the metabolite profile of L. vannamei fed with diet supplemented by fermented K. alvarezii (red seaweed) and its exsisting metabolites which potentially enhancing white leg shrimp's fitness and quality improvement. This research was conducted in five major steps, they are (1) preparation of batch culturing system and diet variation of shrimp, (2) Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation in feed formulation which are commercial feed as control (C), commercial feed + red seaweed-Spirulina (3:1) (EF-A), commercial feed + 1.5% fermented red seaweed (EFB), (3) shrimp biological measurement (mean body weight (MBW), biomass, length, specific growth rate (SGR), survival), physical and chemical measurement of cultivation water, microbial diversity in L. vannamei's gut, and finally (4) metabolomics sample preparation using 40% ethanol method as solvent, derivatisation with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), sample injection to GC/MS Autosampler Shimadzu®, with metabolomics analysis with Multivariate Data Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. <br /> <br /> Based on the biological observation, it is shown that the length of white leg shrimp with EF-A [11.125 ± 1.09 cm] is significantly differ with C [8.425 ± 1.02 cm] and EFB [8.425 ± 1.02 cm] (p<0.05). The specific growth rate of L. vannamei with EF-A [(11.93 ± 0.46)%] differs significantly with C [(10.72 ± 0.30)%] (p < 0.05) however those result does not differ significantly compared to EF-B [(11.32 ± 0.25)%]. Mean body weight (MBW) and biomass of L. vannamei with EF-A treatment (11.35 ± 0.75 gram; 113.23 ± 7.80 gram) and EF-B treatment (7.47 ± 0.54 gram; 74.67 ± 5.44 gram) differ significantly compared to C (5.57 ± 1.07 gram; 55.73 ± 10.78 gram) (p<0.05). Finally, the survival of EF-B treatment’s white leg shrimp (54.40 ± 6.65)% is higher and significantly differ compared to C [(28.03 ± 3.02)%] and EF-A [(42.97 ± 6.64)%] (p<0.05).<br /> <br /> Metabolomic analysis showed annotated metabolites are found in the three kind of shrimp samples, classified into <br /> (1) amino acid which consists of essential amino acid (EAA), non-essential amino acid (NEAA), functional amino acid (FAA) and the derivatives, (2) nucleotide base, derivatives and the nucleosides, (3) sugar molecules, (4) intermediate products, (5) vitamin derivatives, (6) fatty acid and organic acid or compounds. The shrimp with EF-B feed treatment is separately clustered from C and EF-A, caused by the existence of discriminative metabolites that might affect survival and fitness of white-leg shrimp, positively correlated with EF-B and negatively correlated with C and EF-A samples, such as (1) amino acid: the functional amino acid (FAA) and the derivatives (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glysin, glisin,proline and taurine); non-proteinogenic amino acid (ornithine, 4-hydroxyproline); essential amino acid (EAA) (alanine), (2) organic compound (urea, ethanolamine), and (3) intermediate product (malic acid, fumaric acid and inosine-5-phosphate).<br /> <br /> Morevover, based on the metabolite profile which positively correlate with fermented red seaweed diet-treated white leg shrimp, it is shown that there are existing metabolites which are potential to enhance Litopenaeus vannamei quality parameters, such as firmness (proline,4-hydroxyproline, glycine), freshness (malic acid, fumaric acid), and taste (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, glycine, proline). Based on the L. vannamei metabolite profile, it can be concluded that fermented red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) feed supplementation resulting the metabolite profile which is potential in improving L. vannamei fitness and product quality state, unlike the commercial feed as control and red seaweed-Spirulina feed supplementation on commercial feed. <p align="justify">