Acceptibility Of Toll Road Tariffs, Parking Charges, And Fuel Tax Policy For Reducing Private Vehicle Usage In Jakarta
As a center of business area, JMA has developed into a large scale integrated city with Jakarta as the core of the system. International scaled companies have all the factories outside of Jakarta, but their head office located in Jakarta. In order to make systematic agglomeration, Jakarta has arrang...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/27447 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | As a center of business area, JMA has developed into a large scale integrated city with Jakarta as the core of the system. International scaled companies have all the factories outside of Jakarta, but their head office located in Jakarta. In order to make systematic agglomeration, Jakarta has arranged some Central Business District (CBD) area within Jakarta. The interesting point that can be extracted from urban economic agglomeration, including Jakarta, is most of the workers live outside of the area. In Jakarta case, they live in Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and many other else, which located 20-60 km away from the city centre. This phenomenon causes a traffic generation from outside Jakarta for sure. It can be seen from the unbalance ratio of car ownership and road growth in Jakarta. By considering some disincentives, this research aimed at finding out how the push policy, such as toll charges, parking fees, and fuel tax will diminish the number of car usage for people who commuting to the Jakarta CBD area (Sudirman CBD and Semanggi). <br />
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This research used stated preference approach to predict people’s choice on alternative modes and routes. The targeted respondents were those who commute to Sudirman/Semanggi CBD area by using private automobiles. At least 58% of the respondents were toll road’s loyal customers, and the distribution of respondents were evenly spread. By using discrete choice models, people’s current preference in using toll road is high. The users are mostly segmented to people who have higher income, which can be seen from the result that illustrated the high preference is for them who use non-subsidized petrol and live outside of or far from Jakarta. Their willingness to accept new technology of the transaction system, which lead them to buy new equipment for their vehicle, is also high. <br />
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On the stated preference model on both car and toll road usage, it was found that time-saving in toll road is likely to attract people to using a car and toll road, while the increase of alternative attributes such as toll tariff, parking fee, and tax on gasoline decrease the usage of private vehicles and expressway. The models also defined that social demographics tend to affect peoples’ preference. <br />
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To exemplify the impact of the implementation of each policy, this research provides simulation part by using the developed model. By taking the highest traffic volume within Sudirman and Gatot Subroto Street, it needs to reduce at least 70% of car usage to improve the level of service to B level. At least it needs to set the price at Rp.26,923 per entrance at toll road, Rp.1,750,000 per month for parking at CBD, or Rp.24,137 per liter of fuel price include tax. Furthermore, the set price will somehow influence route share, namely via toll road and non-toll road. For each policy implementation, it is likely to attract roughly 50% of the car users to travel through toll road, which can significantly decrease waiting time for transaction about 70% and 90% at Tomang Gate and Cililitan Gate respectively. However, it is worth to note that the impact of each policy will vary subject to the affected people and the area. <br />
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All in all, this research concluded that the probability of using a car to commute to CBD area will decrease if government apply the increase of toll tariffs, parking fees, or fuel tax policy. Increasing toll tariffs and fuel tax policy will significantly affect the probability, while parking fee will affect slightly. This result confirmed the previous research result. Moreover, although people who commute to Jakarta CBD area prefer to use private vehicles than others, this study also revealed that they will choose public transportation as the second option. Therefore, implementing these kind of policies will sustain the outcome in optimum possible numbers of car usage, especially in Jakarta. <br />
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Keywords: congestion, toll road charges, parking fee, fuel tax <br />
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