#TITLE_ALTERNATIVE#

• Main Author: PRIHANTINI NIM: 20715021, MALINDA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/28724
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Skin premature aging is characterized by fine wrinkles and decreased elasticity. It can be <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> overcome by stimulating collagen production and inhibiting its degradation, and also reducing <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> corneocyte buildup. Madeira vein play a role in solving the problem, which has been shown to <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> induce collagen production and inhibit its degradation. The aim of this research was to optimize <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> W/O/W multiple nanoemulsion formula of Madeira vein-leaves extract in the W1 phase and <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> glycolic acid in the W2 phase. Crude drug was extracted using 96% ethanol, concentrated using <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> rotavapor then the extract was determined the weight density and total flavonoid. Glycolic acid <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> was added after conjugated with chitosan to reduce its stinging effect on the skin. The W/O/W <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> multiple nanoemulsion was prepared through two emulsification steps: W1/O primary emulsion <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> using homogenizer at 10,000 rpm for 10 min, and the secondary emulsion using magnetic stirrer <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> at 550 rpm. Primary emulsion was optimized including the selection of cosurfactant and extract <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> concentration, followed by secondary emulsion optimization using response surface methodology <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> consisted of 2-level factorial 1/4 full and Box-Behnken design. The 1% extract showed 0.93 g/mL <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> weight density and 2.47% total flavonoid. The W1/O primary emulsion consisted of 5% extract, <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 10% aquadeion, 27.5% polisorbat 80 as surfactant, 12.5% PEG 400 as cosurfactant, and 45% <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> isopropyl myristate as oil phase. The 2-level factorial 1/4 full gave the three significant factors: <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> W1/O sonication time, W1/O concentration, and secondary emulsification stirring time. Box- <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Behnken optimization for globule size below 400 nm was obtained by 6-10 minutes W1/O <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> sonication time, 12-16% W1/O concentration, and 32-42 minutes stirring time of secondary <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> emulsion. <br /> <br />