REKONSTRUKSI BENCANA ALAM PURBA DI DAERAH KALASAN DAN SEKITARNYA DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA DITINJAU DARI STRATIGRAFI GUNUNGAPI MERAPI

• Main Author: Mulyaningsih, Sri
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/2978
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<b>Abstract:</b><br <br /> In the 8-10th centuries, there was a Mataram Hindu-Buddha Kingdom located around Merapi Volcano, Central Java. The Kingdom built some mcnumectal temples, such as Borobudur Temple ana Prambanan. The Kingdom of Mataram Moslem has just developed since 16-17th centuries. In the near time, Merapi volcanic explosions have started in 3000BC, which caused some disaster for people and the environment. Those disasters are indicated by many buried temples, which have been excavated, e.g. Sambisari, Kedulan and Morangan. The aim of this study is to reconstruct natural disasters occurred at between the present of Mataram Hindu-Buddha Kingdom and Mataram Moslem. The study area is located at Kalasan and surrounding areas, The Special Province of Yogyakarta in 243km2.</p> <br /> Geomorphologically, the area of study is a fluviovulcanic plane of in the southern part of Merapi Volcano, having 0-6% incline northward. The drainage patterns are relatively parallel to the north. In this area, basement rocks are basaltic andesite of pillow lavas and tertiary tuffaceous sandstone of Semilir Formation. Merapi volcanic deposits are divided in to 7 units, namely fluvial 1 (3000BC-770AD), surge 1 and lahar 1 (1285AD), surge 2 and lahar 2 (1600AD), lahar 3 (1660) and fluvial 2. Artifacts are found in the fluvial 1 as buried Hindu-Buddha temples, e.g. Sambisari Temple, Kedulan, Klodangan, Gampingan, Payak, Mantup, and Senden; and the broken ceramics artifacts are. found in the lahar 2 as Mataram Moslem Kingdom era. <br /> Base on the geological and archeological data, there are 4 (four) natural disasters, related to Merapi Volcano eruptions. Natural disaster I caused by Merapi Volcano eruption in 1285AD, producing surge l and lahar 1 which affected/destroyed the wholes of area study.</p> The sec: nd disaster caused by Merapi Volcano eruption in between 1587 and 1600AD, producing surge 2 and lahar 2, which destroyed the wholes of area study, but it did not effect very much The Mataram Moslem Kingdom. Natural disaster III caused by lahar 3 that was in 1660AD destroyed limited areas in the river valleys such as Gendol-Opak River, Tepus, and Kuning. Natural disaster IV was caused by sedimentation of lahar and fluvial deposits 2, in fan shaped this disaster only destroyed in upper stream areas for Tambakbayan River, Kuning, and Tepus. A natural disaster of Merapi Volcano eruption that is comparable with those in 11-15`a\' centuries will possibly occurred / happened again in 23 century (2213AD + 150 years).