WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT DEVELOPMENT IN UPSTREAM CITARUM RIVER USING MAKROZOOBENTHOS POPULATION DYNAMICS MODEL

• Main Author: CHAZANAH , NURUL
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik (Rekayasa, enjinering dan kegiatan berkaitan)
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/29829
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Rivers are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. The condition of almost all the rivers in West Java is deteriorating, from mildly to moderately polluted, from anthropogenic activities. This becomes an urgency to evaluate the quality of water in maintaining the preservation of river ecosystems. At the present, the assessment of river water quality still relies on the physicochemical water parameter analysis. However, the use of the physicochemical criteria in assessing the water quality is not yet effective in protecting and controlling the damage of the river, as it only reflects the river condition at the time the sample was taken. The results are often not accurate as the results do not reflect the past conditions, while the pollutants enter the river constantly. For these reasons, there needs to be an integrated biological water quality assessment integrated with physicochemical water parameters. <br /> <br /> <br /> This research uses macrozoobenthos in evaluating the upstream water quality of the Citarum River. Macrozoobenthos are known to have the ability to respond to organic wastes in waters and have a different response when organic wastes enter the waters. Most or all its life cycle are relatively silent, have low mobility, and receive accumulative exposure from the change of water quality during its life. Thus, the use of macrozoobenthos as a bioindicator gives better and cheaper results when assessing water quality in a broad scale. The research aims to determine the ecological status, key parameters based on ecological status, as well as the range and relationship of macrozoobenthic bioindicator logistics growth with environmental factor parameters in the upstream Citarum River. <br /> <br /> <br /> The method used in the research is the empirical method. The research method is composed of four stages of research: identification and initial data screening; determination of ecological status; grouping and determination of key parameters, and growth model of the macrozoobenthos bioindicator. The pollution status determination in the upstream Citarum River is approached through the Index Scoring modification. The grouping and determination of key parameters use PCA analysis, while the macrozoobenthos bioindicator growth population used the Makrozoobenthos Population Bioindicator Logistics Growth Model. <br /> <br /> <br /> The sample for physicochemical water parameters results in 50 parameters with 15 selected parameters and the sediment resulted in 25 parameters with five selected parameters. The identified macrozoobenthos resulted in 75 family with 119 genus. The ecological status based on the Index Scoring modification analysis shows that the upstream river ecological status during the drought season is a slightly polluted, quite polluted and moderately polluted. While during the rainy season, it is quite polluted and moderately polluted. <br /> <br /> <br /> Based on the analysis results of the PCA in the drought season, slightly polluted locations obtained 19 macrozoobenthos genus and 1 chemical parameter sediment, with key parameters being TN sedimentary, Leuctra sp. and Perlesta sp. While quite polluted locations obtained 22 macrozoobenthos genus and five physicochemical parameters, with key parameters being conductivity, NO3, Baetis sp. and Sulcospira sp. On moderately polluted locations, it obtained six macrozoobenthos genus and 11 physicochemical parameters, with key parameters being NO2, BOD5, mud, Lumbriculus sp.and Chironomus sp. <br /> <br /> <br /> Based on the analysis results of the PCA in the rainy season, quite polluted location obtained 25 macrozoobenthos genus and 1 physical parameter sediment, with key parameters being gravel, Hydropsyche sp., and Rhyacophila sp. While moderately polluted locations obtained two macrozoobenthos genus and 2 physicochemical parameters, with key parameters being TSS, NH3, Placobdella sp., and Tubifex sp. The obtained key parameters are used to determine the range of physicochemical water parameters, sediment, and abundance of macrozoobenthos genus based on the ecological status of the river. <br /> <br /> <br /> The assessment of the upstream river water quality are shown through the growth of the macrozoobenthos logistic influenced by the physicochemical parameters. This research uses the Sulcospira sp., Chironomus sp. and Tubifex sp. as a bioindicator with TSS and BOD5 as a parameter. The analysis shows that the macrozoobenthos population bioindicator growth is influenced by physical factor and organic compounds characterising the ecological status in upstream Citarum River. Analysis indicates that Sulcospira sp. is a bioindicator of quite polluted locations while Tubifex sp. is a bioindicator of moderately to heavily polluted locations and Chironomus sp. is a bioindicator of live of slightly to heavily polluted locations. The results of the development of the upstream water quality in the Citarum River assessment with bioindicator Sulcospira sp., Tubifex sp. and Chironomus sp. could be applied to upstream rivers with similar ecoregion condition and is specific. <br />