SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIORESOURCES AT GIAM SIAK KECIL-BUKIT BATU BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN RIAU PROVINCE, THROUGH SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD APPROACH

• Main Author: WAHYU TITISARI (NIM : 30612004), PRIMA
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/29987
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">Biodiversity is an asset for humans to live a life in the present and the future. At present, the existence of biodiversity is threatened with extinction. Human activity has an important role in the decline of biodiversity. Understanding how the utilization and impact of human activities on biodiversity is critical in developing sustainable management guidelines. The type of relationship between humans and biodiversity in a landscape specifically designed for a particular purpose can be analyzed by a sustainable livelihood framework approach. This study wants to answer the problem of sustainable use of bioresources in an area managed by zonation system and collaboration. <br /> <br /> This study aims to: 1) Identify bioresources exploited and the rate of exploitation by local communities utilizing bioresources of timber, non timber and fisheries in CB GSK-BB, 2) analyze the relationship between livelihood assets and community welfare, 3) analyze vulnerability factor relationships with the utilization of biological resources and adaptability of local communities in CB GSK-B,; 4) analyze the role, function, interaction and influence of stakeholders in the management of CB GSK-BB, and 5) Analyzing household livelihood strategies of local community groups (extraction groups, subsistence groups, complementary groups, integrated groups and cultivation groups) at CB GSK-BB. <br /> <br /> The study was conducted in February 2014-July 2016, in five villages located in the core area: (1) Tasik Betung Village, (2) Tasik Serai Village, (3) Tasik Serai Timur Village, (4) Tasik Tebing Serai Village, 5) Desa Tasik Serai Barat, and five villages are located in buffer zone: (1) Desa Bukit Kerikil, (2) Muara Kelantan Village, (3) Sungai Selodang Village, (4) Village Olak, and (5) Muara Bungkal Village. The main method used in the research is mix-methods. Data collection techniques were conducted through focus group discussions (FDG), questionnaires, interviews with key informants and secondary data. <br /> <br /> The rate of exploitation of bioresources in CB GSK-BB is quite high, as evidenced by 13 of 35 species of wood is hard to find, for non-timber biological resources also decreased (honey, rattan, nira and some fauna). Ten research villages are in over fishing condition and 4 of them are hard to find. <br /> <br /> <br /> The five community groups utilizing biological resources (extraction groups, subsistence groups, complementary groups, substitution groups, and cultivation groups) were found in all study villages. The core area is dominated by the extraction group while the buffer zone is dominated by the cultivation group. <br /> <br /> There are four most important vulnerability factors to the utilization of bioresources by society, namely (1) economic shocks (ES), (2) civil strife (CS) (3) structural vulnerability (SV), and (4) weather -related shocks (WRS). In dealing with these vulnerabilities, people in the core area have higher adaptability and are more sensitive to vulnerability disorders. Livelihood assets that greatly affect vulnerability in core areas and buffer zones are natural capital and financial capital. <br /> <br /> There have been identified 40 stakeholders in CB GSK-BB, which are classified into 16 key players, 10 subjects, 5 context setters and 9 crowds. Disturbing interests that have the most important influence and importance on key players, namely BBKSDA and SMF. The community represented by the village head is only included in the classification of stakeholders who have low influence and high value (subjects) in the management of the area. The highest stakeholder interaction among stakeholders is in the form of coadunation (between LIPI and MAB), whereas the relationship between communities (subjects) with BKSDA and SMF is in the form of conflict. It appears that collaborative management institutions of the GSK-BB Biosphere Reserves have not played an effective role. <br /> <br /> Livelihood strategies adopted by the beneficiaries of bioresources are survival, consolidation, compensation, diversification and accumulation strategies. The accumulation strategy is carried out only by the cultivation group included in the non-poor and rich with sustainable status. Thus, in order to achieve a sustainable utilization strategy, these biodiversity-based community groups need to develop themselves from each of their current strategies into an accumulation strategy, as applied by the cultivation group. <br /> <br /> It can be concluded that the activity of the utilization of bioresources by community groups in the core area and buffer zone has had an impact on the degradation of the quality and quantity of biological resources. The tendency of degradation of quality and quantity of bioresources is followed by the occurrence of poverty. Poverty is also triggered by the vulnerability factors encountered in the region. Meanwhile, the collaborative institutions developed for management are not working as well as expected. Under such conditions, the sustainability of the utilization of biological resources can be achieved by implementing an accumulation strategy.<p align="justify">