SYNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING α-MANGOSTIN AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING PROPOLIS AND ITS EFFECT ON APOPTOSIS AND INVASION OF BREAST CANCER MCF-7 CELLS

• Main Author: CAHYA DESTIANI - NIM : 21115009 , PUTRI
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/30022
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Cancer is characterized by the formation of tumor mass which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of cells followed by the ability to inhibit apoptosis and invade the surrounding healthy tissues. Dissemination of cancer cells is considered as the primary cause of cancer patient’s death. More than 70% of drugs used in cancer therapy are natural compounds. The benefits of using natural compounds are its abundance, easy to obtain, and less toxic for the human body. &#945;-mangostin and propolis are natural products which are found widely in Indonesia, and it is known to have an anti-cancer activity such as inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell death, and prevent invasion of cancer cells. One of the most significant problems found in cancer therapy is its delivery of therapeutic compounds to the target cells. This limitation can be overcome by using nanoparticles as nanocarriers for a cancer drug. Chitosan is one of the most used biopolymers in the synthesis of nanoparticles due to its abundance, non-toxic, and biodegradable properties. The purpose of this study was to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles containing &#945;mangostin and chitosan nanoparticles containing propolis, then examine its effect in inducing apoptosis and migration inhibition on breast cancer cells MCF-7. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation method, then used for MCF-7 cells treated with certain concentrations. Apoptosis assay with annexin VFITC and propidium iodide was used to examine apoptosis effect of &#945;-mangostin and propolis and wound healing-scratch assay used to examine the effect of those compound in cell migration inhibition. Mangostin-chitosan nanoparticles (NP-M) formed were in the size range of 232,5 + 13,3 (nm), had polydispersity index of 0,260 + 0,028, with zeta potential of 37,3 + 1,4 (mV), and mangostin encapsulation efficiency of 89,35 + 6,83 (%). Propolis-chitosan nanoparticles (NP-P) had size range of 242,8 + 25,8 (nm), had polydispersity index of 0,224 + 0,036, with zeta potential of 35,9 + 19,4 (mV), and propolis encapsulation efficiency of 18,45 + 4,27 (%). The result of apoptosis assay showed that there was no significant difference between the percentage of the apoptotic cell of NP-M, NP-P, and the combination of NP-M and NP-P (NPD) treatment on MCF-7 cells with the percentage of the apoptotic cell of negative control (K-). There was also no significant difference among the percentage of the apoptotic cell of chitosan nanoparticles treatment (NP-M with NP-P, NP-M with NP-D, and NP-P with NP-D) as result of regulation of drug release from chitosan nanoparticles in a pH-dependent manner. However, it was found that cells of chitosan nanoparticles treatment (NP-M, NP-P, and NP-D) had a higher percentage of apoptotic cells than K-. The result of wound healing scratch assay showed that there was a significant difference between the percentage of wound closure area of NP-M, NP-P, and NP-D treatment on MCF-7 cells with the percentage of wound closure area of negative control (K-). However, there was no significant difference between the percentage of wound closure area of chitosan nanoparticles treatment (NP-M with NP-P, NP-M with NP-D, and NP-P with NPD). This result indicated that chitosan nanoparticles treatment tend to inhibit MCF-7 cells migration. It can be concluded that synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles containing &#945;mangostin and chitosan nanoparticles containing propolis was succeeded with the size of nanoparticles less than 600 nm and zeta potential more than 30 mV. Mangostin-chitosan nanoparticles with the concentration of 3,06 µg/ml, 7,08 µg/ml, and 22,34 µg/ml, propolis-chitosan nanoparticles with the concentration of 3,06 µg/ml, 13,82 µg/ml, and 40,43 µg/ml, and combination of both chitosan nanoparticles with the concentration of 5,72µg/ml and 20,51 µg/ml did not induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells significantly. However, mangostin-chitosan nanoparticles, propolis-chitosan nanoparticles, and the combination of both nanoparticles at those concentrations inhibited significantly MCF-7 cells migration in compare to the negative control. Propolis-chitosan nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 cells migration more effective compared to mangostin-chitosan nanoparticles and the combination of both chitosan nanoparticles, but the difference of inhibition was no significance. <p align="justify">