ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, AN ENDOPHYTE FUNGI FROM Artocarpus heterophyllus

• Main Author: (NIM : 20515005), RIGA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/30483
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">Plants have been widely reported as sources of secondary metabolites with important bioactivity. However, escalation of drug resistancy against various types of parasites leading to the urgency of searching for alternative new bioactive compounds. Recently, endophytic fungi have been reported as a new potential source to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Endophytes are microorganisms that live within plant tissues, such as stems, roots, leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds. Endophytic fungi from various plants species have been reported to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with diverse structure and interesting bioactivity. In addition, fungal endophytes can produce secondary metabolites which are also produced by host plants, such as taxol which was isolated from Taxus brevifolia, podophyllotoxin of plants Podophyllum hexandrum, and camptothecin isolated from plants Nothapodytes foetida. However, there are still limited reports about biological and chemical studies of other plant fungal endophytes especially from Artocarpus. Artocarpus is a plant genus in family Moraceae, which has been widely used as a traditional medicine, including antiinflammation, antimalaria and remedy to cure fever and diarrhea. Phytochemical studies showed that Artocarpus plant produces prenylated phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, stilbene and 2-arilbenzofuran with a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic. Thus the fungal endophytes from Artocarpus plant are also possible to produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures such as their host plants. In this research, a chemical review over endophyte fungus isolated from A. heterophyllus that has not been previously reported was conducted. This study consisted of two parts; isolation and cultivation of endophyte fungi followed by isolation and purification of its secondary metabolites using a series of chromatographic techniques. Cultivar of C. gloeosporioides was harvested in 12.5 L of liquid media carried on its optimal time (2 weeks). The mycelial was separated from the filtrate using a Büchner funnel. The mycelial as much as 20.4 g was extracted by solid liquid extraction method, thus methanol extract weighing 2.9 g was obtained. While the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain extract weighing 1.4 g. In this research, 3 pure compounds (J1-J3) had been isolated from the methanol extract and 3 compounds (MR1-MR3) from ethyl acetate extract. The molecular structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C), 2D (HSQC and HMBC) and MS. Endophyte fungus was identified by partial genetic analysis in microbiology division of LIPI. Compound J1 is a steroid, 3&#946;-hidroxycholestane-5,7,22-triene. J2 is a new lactone derivative, 4,7,8-trihydroxy-9-nonyl-2-nonen-9-olide, while J3 compound is a fatty acid derivative. MR1 is 3-indolacetic acid, MR2 and MR3 are sesquiterpenes derivatives, where MR2 is (S)-sidonic acid and MR3 is (S)-hydroxysidonic acid. Four compounds (J1, MR1, MR2 and MR3) were inactived against murine leukimia P388 cells.<p align="justify">