STUDY OF GADOLINIUM BASED CONTRAST AGENT ANALYSIS USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)

• Main Author: HAFIZ AMBAR WIBAWA NIM: 20515011, TEGUH
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/31257
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Contrast agents are chemical that can improve visibility of internal body structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents based gadolinium (Gd) are the most widely used. Contrast agents shorten the relaxation time of hydrogen atom of water that surround the contrast agent through dipolar interactions with Gd in inner sphere. Several contrast agents has widely used in medical imaging, but they still have limitation. They have low molecular weight, thus released immediately from the body. High dosage is necessary to obtain optimum contrast of images. This limitation might be solved by using the contrast agent in micremulsion phase. This research was performed to synthesis of glycerol monooleate (GMO) that can be applied as ligand for Gd. The relaxation time of several microemulsion such as methyl oleate, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-200, PEG-400, and PEG-600 were then measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Synthesis of GMO consist of 3 steps, including protection of diol groups on glycerol, esterification reaction of oleic acid, and the deprotection of 1,3-dioxolane group through hydrolisis reaction. The microemulsions of GMO, methyl oleate, and PEG as surfactant with varying concentrations from 0.006 to 5.385 mM were prepared. The microemulsions was then made with the same concentrations, but with added gadolinium (III) chloride (100 ?M), There were 16 variants for each surfactant in total. On the other hand, the measurement of turbidity was performed for each microemulsion with varying concentration using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The T2 relaxation time was measured using NMR 43 MHz. As the result, synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane glycerol obtained 84.3% yield and the GMO is 96.8% yield. The shorten of T2 relaxation time of GMO was 19.60 – 31.63%, and the methyl oleate from 15.61 – 19.85%. The T2 relaxation time of PEG-200, PEG-400, and PEG-600 were 22.20 – 34.42%, 12.80 – 29.84%, and 7.92 – 16.45% respectively. The T2 relaxation time measurement results showed that GMO and low molecular weight PEG potentially to be used as Gd ligand.