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<p align="justify"> The eruption of supervolcanoes–often addressed as supereruptions–are regarded as a significant phenomenon that can affect the Earth’s condition globally. In the recorded human history, the most powerful eruption is the eruption of Tambora volcano in 1815,...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/31349 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | <p align="justify"> The eruption of supervolcanoes–often addressed as supereruptions–are regarded as a significant phenomenon that can affect the Earth’s condition globally. In the recorded human history, the most powerful eruption is the eruption of Tambora volcano in 1815, which affected the Earth’s climate for several years afterwards. Several supereruptions have been occurred in Tertiary Era, such as the eruption of Toba, which is approximately 3500 times larger than Tambora. However, there are no any authentic documents regarding the eruptions. Therefore, the magnitudes of the ancient eruptions are basically unknown. This research presents a method to estimate the bulk volume of the lost volcanic products at three supereruptions: Toba, Sunda and Tambora volcano, by reconstructing the original morphology using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The DEM was processed to produce several derivative products, such as ridge and valley maps, planèze, and elevation profiles. Ridge and valley maps were used to extract planèze, which is assumed to represent the original morphology of stratovolcanoes. Elevation profiles were analyzed to estimate the summit height. The SAR polarimetric image was also used to produce the RGB color composite presenting the ground surfaces, and then overlaid to the reconstructed surfaces. Based on the aforementioned parameters, the reconstructed stratovolcano can be generated. The additional volume from the reconstructed surface is then calculated, to estimate the bulk volume. The calculated bulk volume of the lost materials for Toba, Sunda, and Tambora eruptions are 165.7, 20.2, and 60.8 km3, respectively. The volume is crucial to estimate the magnitude of the collapse caldera following the ancient eruptions.<p align="justify"> |
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