#TITLE_ALTERNATIVE#

• Main Author: OLIVIA SIREGAR NIM: 20716023, VITA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/31505
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Immunomodulators are compounds that can modulate the immune system, which <br /> <br /> can stimulate, suppress, or induce tolerance. Immunomodulator with <br /> <br /> immunostimulation activity are used for immunodeficiency patients, while <br /> <br /> immunosuppressants are useful for people who suffer from autoimmune diseases, <br /> <br /> and tolerogen for people who undergo organ transplant. At present, patients with <br /> <br /> autoimmune and immunodeficiency continue to increase in prevalence, so <br /> <br /> immunomodulators need to be developed. Immunomodulators can be obtained <br /> <br /> from various sources, including those from plants, as tested in this study. This study <br /> <br /> aims to examine the immunomodulatory effects of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) <br /> <br /> leaf extract. Cocoa leaf extract is made from young leaves (YL) that is 1st to 4th <br /> <br /> leaves from shoots and old leaves (OL) that is 5th to 8th leaves. The extraction of <br /> <br /> active compounds from cocoa leaves was carried out by maceration using 96% <br /> <br /> ethanol. DM and DT extracts were then made in the form of nanosuspension by <br /> <br /> homogenizing with waterbath sonicators and particle size reduction with probe <br /> <br /> sonicators to obtain a particle size of 200-300 nm. DT/DM extracts in the form of <br /> <br /> crude extracts and nanosuspensions were tested for their immunomodulatory <br /> <br /> effects in vivo in BALB/c mice through test against nonspecific and specific <br /> <br /> immune responses. Tests for non-specific immune responses include carbon <br /> <br /> clearance test and organ index determination and testing against specific immune <br /> <br /> responses including measurement of antibody titers as humoral immune responses <br /> <br /> and measurement of cytokine levels as a cellular immune response. Results showed <br /> <br /> that the three doses of DT and DM extracts (i.e., 50,100,200 mg/kg BW) both in <br /> <br /> crude form extracts and nanosuspensions had immunosuppressive effects <br /> <br /> characterized by phagocytic index <1. DM and DT have the same <br /> <br /> immunosuppressive effect. Extracts in the form of nanosuspensions shows stronger <br /> <br /> an immunosuppressive effect than crude extract. In testing against specific immune <br /> <br /> response, all three doses of extracts in both crude form extracts and nanosuspension <br /> <br /> inhibited antibody, IFN-&#947;and IL-2 formation. Based on those results, it can be <br /> <br /> concluded that all three doses of DM/DT in both crude and nanosuspension forms <br /> <br /> are immunosuppressive. <br />