ABSTRACT RESEARCH ON COMMUNAL SPACE IN PERSISTENCE AT DESA ADAT (PAKERAMAN) TENGANAN PEGRINGSINGAN IN PULAU BALI INDONESIA

• Main Author: SUBADRA ABIOSO (NIM : 35212004), WANITA
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/31555
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">This research is designated to discover distinction of communal space in context of vernacular–traditional settlement, in Desa (Village) Adat/ Pakeraman (custom) Tenganan Pegringsingan, Kecamatan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem Provinsi Bali, Indonesia, further will be mentioned as Desa Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan. According to some studies as premise, communal space is comprehended as space occupied by a community group, for an activity based on the idea of mutual and sharing that can come, either from the community as a group or the member of community. <br /> <br /> This research performed based on the physical persistence in the layout of building, open space and building designs, of Desa Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan at least since fire disaster in 1842, to be exact 176 years long persistent. The so called persistence relates to complex constellation between “space–activity–performer” within usaba and odalan (ritual) and patterned non–ritual activities which has been frequently carried out in years, embraced in 46 dina usaba (ritual days) and patterned non–ritual, carried out by group of performers. <br /> <br /> Research problems to be worked out, consist of physical and non–physical aspects of common space while engaging with ritual and patterned non–ritual activities. Constellation occurs between “space–activity–performers” suppose forms activity system which occupying specifically by communal space. Besides, this research conducts as well to all phenomenons either as parts of activity system or outside the system, which support taking place of the system. <br /> <br /> Qualitative approach applied to the research while research strategy chosen is case study. The research supported by primary and secondary data, applied in data collection which performed by field survey and desk study. The case is single case and the intrinsic one, to be precise communal space which superimposed with 46 activity systems of each dina usaba (ritual day) The interpretation on result of analysis that is “the state of the art” of the research, discover that communal space in Desa Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan associated with 46 activity system taking place along the year, as appearance of the constellation between “space–activity–performer” each ritual day. Most of phenomenons attached to system, found in support the system for better performance. The phenomenons among others are, usage time of communal space associated with huge shadow, proxemics between communal and its support space, and continuous space support (pe)sangkepan towards sangkep. <br /> <br /> Patterns of activity institutionalized into social life, such as ritual and patterned non–ritual activities considered to build the communal space as behaviour setting, while standing pattern of behavior of performers meet physical milieu of communal space in shape and structure so that achieved synomorph. In short, synomorph between standing pattern of behavior and physical milieu (behaviour–physical milieu synomorph). Communal space of Desa Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan is not merely physical milieu (soma) or artefact, but valued as behavior setting involving both behaviour of performers and physical milieu. <br /> <br /> Novelties of research relate with the 4 main themes, utility, system, behavior setting, and invisible architecture. One of them is dynamic synomorph comprised in behavior setting theme. In this case area of exterior space of the continuous space depends on participating of performers, in condition of synomorph between behaviour and physical milieu, the synomorph still remain. Another is sangkep that relates with invisible architecture theme. Communal spaces that formed continuous space representing sangkep, continuous space helps to create mutual atmosphere for performers in both interior and exterior spce. Also, made up of space effectivity relate with invisible architecture. Occupied by top activity of Usaba Sasih Sambah (Fifth Ritual Month), Mekare–Kare (Pandanous leafs battle) Petemu Tengah (Pengrame), communal space experienced effectively invisible such as Bale–bale Banjar and yards decrease in usage effectivity In conceptual respect, Communal Space of Desa Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan considered has endurance or worth as endurable space. In the quiet of the physical persistence of site plan, design of open space, and design buldings in desa, there are many occurrences in communal space in the form of layers of various activities and taking place in spatio temporal term. The phenomenons occur either considered as sub–sub or outside the system, found are supportive to taking place of communal space in its best performance. <br /> <br /> Result of the research, communal space associated with a wide range of scale of activity system can give a new perspective concerning the enhancement of the communal space, since up to now supposed space usually occupied by single activity carried out by a community group. Organized character of system has made communal space can be experienced without any conflict. As to our knowledge, communal space distinguished as open space which can be designed so that every part of the space can avoid the effectively invisible, it could be designed with a clear function, visible, and easy to maintain.