STACKED MULTILEVEL KAMPUNG DESIGN WITH COMMUNITY-BASED FIRE SAFETY IN TAMANSARI, BANDUNG

• Main Author: JULIANTO (NIM: 25216028), YOVAL
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/31786
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">Kampung kota is an urban housing phenomenon in major Indonesian cities, including Bandung. It is often referred as slums in the middle of the city – although it is not always the case. Kampung kota is growing in terms of size and density as urbanization rate rises, but the lack of infrastructure serving the area would make the kampungs become real slums with unhealthy environment. This, combined with the high densitiy of landed, self-built housing often made of improper materials, could contribute to high risk of fire. Government-offered housing solution is limited; with Rusunawa (public housing flats) being the only form offered. These flats are often found to be unsuitable to large part of the community being housed – as they are used to the lifestyle of landed kampung kotas where they could occupy the streets and alleys as multifunctional space. This leads to occupation of corridors and public spaces which transforms the slum from horizontal to vertical form – increasing the fire risk to an even higher level. On the other hand, kampung kota is a thriving community with a potential of human/community-based fire safety that is rooted from the trust and togetherness found in the community. This thesis explores the possible vertical housing design to accommodate the kampung way of life and its community with human-based fire safety potential. Kampung Tamansari in Bandung is chosen as context as this area is also in the city government’s priority list of housing development sites. As a design-based thesis, design methodology is used; a preliminary study is conducted to compose a set of design criteria. The study encompasses three major aspects: kampung kota and its community, vertical housing typology, and community-based fire safety basics. The criteria serve as a guiding principle in making the design concept, together with the site analysis. Final design will then be developed from the concept. From these studies, key principles are gathered; to accommodate kampung kota community way of life, housing/housing complex must provide commercial and working space, social space that is close to housing unit, able to be given distinct identity, flexible and upgradeable to meet the developing kampung people’s needs. To accommodate community-based fire safety system, housing should be able to preserve its community life, and provide passive fire safety measures such as material choice and egress alternatives. Vertical housing study is conducted to pinpoint general housing criteria for a proper healthy house, e.g. minimum area and infrastructure requirements. The design concept fulfills those criteria through few main principles: module system of housing units and stack modules which prioritizes volume over footprint (accommodating flexible use and expandability using mezzanine options as allowed by the height of the unit), usage of elevated ground to mimic ground-level housings, giving space for commercial extension of housing units, bringing social space close to housing units, and ensuring passive surveillance between residents to keep the community alive. Ramps and skybridges are featured as means for quick evacuation and keeping the continuity of circulation access between floors for carts and bikes – further enhancing the resemblance of ground level housing.<p align="justify">