D ASPERGILLUS TERREUS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AT TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU

• Main Author: PURNAMASARI (NIM:20516038), YUNITA
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/31842
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Phytochemical studies of Indonesia marine organisms are less compared to terrestrial <br /> <br /> organisms. Meanwhile, secondary metabolite sources from marine organisms reported had a <br /> <br /> more unique strucutre and various important bioactivities. Porifera or known as a sponge is <br /> <br /> one of the phyla of marine organisms that cannot move or sessile, so that in defending <br /> <br /> themselves from the disturbances of other organisms and the environment the sponge carries <br /> <br /> out chemical defense by secreting secondary metabolites. In addition, sponges are assisted by <br /> <br /> mutualism symbiotic microbes inside tissues to maintain their body. One of these microbes is <br /> <br /> an endophytic fungus that helps by producing secondary metabolites which also have various <br /> <br /> bioactivities withoutharm the host. Research on secondary metabolites of sponges is <br /> <br /> decreasing, associated with sampling that highly cost, difficult access and can damage the <br /> <br /> balance of the ecosystem. This causes research related to endophytic fungi that are symbiotic <br /> <br /> with sponges start developed as an attempt to approach a sustainable system. Based on this, <br /> <br /> the aim of this study was to compare the isolation results and characterize secondary <br /> <br /> metabolites from the sponge Aaptos suberitoides and endophytic fungi from isolation result <br /> <br /> sponge A. suberitoides. Sponge 350 grams was macerated with methanol for 3x24 hours to <br /> <br /> obtain 25 grams of extract In addition, fungi isolation was carried out by culture method <br /> <br /> through the sterilization stage, inoculation on solid media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA), subculture <br /> <br /> to obtain a single isolate. Identification of the species showed that the fungal isolate <br /> <br /> was a Aspergillus terreus. Cultivation of endophytic fungi in Wickerham's liquid media was <br /> <br /> incubated for 14 days at 28 °C. The liquid medium was extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain <br /> <br /> 1,888 grams extract. Then each extract was fractionated and purified by various <br /> <br /> chromatographic techniques, such as Thin Layer Chromatography (KLT), Vacuum Liquid <br /> <br /> Chromatography (KCV), Gravity Column Chromatography (KKG), Radial Chromatography <br /> <br /> (KR) and Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (KLTP). The structure of pure isolated <br /> <br /> compounds was determined based on 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopy data. Based on <br /> <br /> this method, two pure compounds from sponge have been isolated, that is 5,6- <br /> <br /> dihydrocholesterol (1) and demethyl (oxy) aaptamin (2), and two pure compounds from <br /> <br /> endophytic fungi, that is methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxy-2-(2-(nicotinamido) benzamido) benzoate <br /> <br /> (3) and butyrolactone I (4). Based on these results it can be concluded that two compounds <br /> <br /> have been successfully isolated from sponge A. suberitoides and one compound from A. <br /> <br /> terreus fungus. Based on these results it can be concluded that two compounds have been <br /> <br /> successfully isolated from sponge A. suberitoides and one compound from A. terreus fungus. <br /> <br /> It can be stated that the secondary metabolites produced from sponges and those produced by <br /> <br /> endophytic fungi are very diverse and have not found a correlation, even though they come <br /> <br /> from the same sponge species. The metabolites produced from endophytic fungi have <br /> <br /> bioactivity that is no less interesting than secondary metabolites on the sponge.