PERAN PERGURUAN TINGGI SEBAGAI SUMBER INOVASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL DI JATINANGOR

• Main Author: Gatitingsih
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik (Rekayasa, enjinering dan kegiatan berkaitan)
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/3198
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Relocation of four High Education Institutes (PT) in Jatinangor area: Padjadjaran University, Indonesian Institute of Cooperative, Institute of Governmental Administration, and Winaya Mukti University had impact on social-economic life of community around them. One of the impact was availability of innovation and diffusion of it undertaken by university research centre and university social service institutes respectively. However, the efforts was not succesful yet in changing the social-economic life of the community. The facts showed that unemployment rate reached 20%, home industries never had improvement in management area, growth of small enterprize was only 2% during existence of PTs. The study had objective in formulating improvement of the PT\'s role in providing the innovation and the diffusion of it for developing the local economic. The research stages comprised identification of the home industries never had improvement in management area, and determination of factors coused low level of innovation adoption by the community in developing their economic activities. The research areas was Jatinangor district and the research population included all business units who had been the participants of the business extention for periode of 1992-2002. The size of sample was 128 business unit, for which we determined the size by using Krejcie Table. Then, we selected the sample as responden by applying the simple random method. The required data covered primary and secondary one, where we collected them through interview, observation and study of document and other literary sources. We analyzed them by employing the descriptive method and we used the frequency distribution and percentage method as the statistical tool for the analysis. The results of study showed that availability of the entrepreneurship innovation in the university research institute and the diffussion of them by the social services institute (LPPM) was quantitatively sufficient when it was viewed from Local Economic Development (LED) perspective. However, it was qualitatively unsufficient because only 18 of 55 totally social services activities contained entrepreneurial substance. Certainly the substances covered the product and process innovation, but they diffused it in uncomprehensive ways mostly. The diffusion of innovation in this area comprised two field : increase of business unit number and development of existing business. The success of the first activity was indicated by growth of new business unit. For this case, two activities could bring out new business as many as 22 unit or 33,8%. While the success of existing business development was indicated by increase of transaction quantity or reinvestment in the same business tipe or the different one. According to this point of view, achievement of the business development was 46 unit or 73%. The characteristics of successful participant for both activities tend to be similar : the level of education ranged from senior high school to university; they were on the productive age category, They originated from a family oconed business field as primary activity and the volume of transaction was large relatively. The Constrain encountered during the invention of innovation and the diffussion of it included the theme of research and social services did not focuss on special problem, the limitation of existing budget, the hard competition in acquiring the sources of finance mainly those came from abroad. On the other hands, the community also had constrains in adopting the substance, among others the limitation of their capital, the low capacity in mastering substance, the fearly perception in taking risk, the psichological of physiographical factors. The implication of the research to the LED was we managed identifying the component of LED for the Jatinangor area. The PT was considered to be relevan for playing significant role as a source of the knowledge and the innovation. The development of existing busines unit was suitable with the problem of employment encountered by the community in this area. However, it required selection stage in developing the existing economic activities due to the study found out only the people whose special characteristic who would be successful in adopting the substance of social services. Considering the locality of Jatinangor, it takes conclusion the PT can not play role merely as a source of innovation in the LED perspective because the results of study showed that there were some social, economic, and psichological factors hampered the community in utilityzing the social services delivered by the PT. This is why the PT should be able to play role as the facilitator, the initiator for other components of LED such as the private side, the NGO, the local institution, the community and the local government. Inside the PT environment, it required syncronization of the program and the action plan. For this reason, there had to be one of four universitys able and willing to direct the social services program owned by them to formulate the platform of research and social services by refering to the special theme or problem. Then, it was necessery to socialize the platform and the program to all the LED component. Finally the PT should also involve in formulating action plan for each the LED component including the effort to finance the program.