ENDOMYCHORIZAE INDIGENOUS POTENTIAL IN COFFEE BEAN SEEDLINGS,

• Main Author: Nur Mala Sari, Annysa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/32718
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Coffee is the most traded plantation commodities. Indonesian coffee products are recognized to have high quality which contributes to one of the national income sources. Good quality of coffee bean is influenced by the ability of coffee plants to absorb nutrition and suitable grow habitat. Having a tropical climate has been the greatest advantage of cultivating coffee, makes Indonesia listed as one of the world’s largest coffee exporters. However, there are some challenges in coffee development, the level of consumption that continues to rise compared to the amount of coffee production which tends to decrease. Based on data from the Coffee Market Report from the International Coffee Organization (ICO), global coffee commodities including Indonesia have experienced a deficit around -5.1% in 2017. There was a production undersupply which caused Indonesia's position to be displaced by Vietnam as the biggest coffee producer after Brazil and Columbia. Until 2015, Coffee plantation production in Indonesia was mentioned still below the production average for the last 10 years. Low production is strongly affected by coffee beans germination process which takes a long time, environmental factors such as pathogen and climate change can hinder the growth and development of coffee plants. Endomycorrhizae is a symbiosis between fungi and plant roots that targets cortex tissue to form a distinctive structure called vesicular and arbuscular which facilitate nutrients absorption optimally in order to escalate the plant resilient. This study aims to isolate indigenous endomycorrhizae from fertile coffee plantations that have high coffee productivity in Indonesia, elucidate the potential of indigenous endomycorrhizae in rising coffee beans growth and select endomycorrhizal carrier media using various types of economical substrates. Soil samples and roots of coffee plants were obtained from Cijambu Mountain Coffee Plantation, Genteng Village, Sukasari District, Sumedang Regency at 3 different altitude points; 1300, 1448, 1550 masl and Malabar Pangalengan Mountain, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency at 1800 masl. Each sample was taken from 3 different points with 3 repetitions at each point. The environmental parameters measured were soil pH, temperature, soil humidity and levels of C and N. Endomycorrhizae was isolated from cortex tissue in root plant. Endomychorrizae abundance was carried out on the culturable plate which later was analyzed using the Sanger sequencing method. The potential endomycorrhizae growth test on growing coffee plant was performed using the infection method with 10 replication within 11 weeks of incubation period inside Greenhouse LABTEK XI SITH ITB to observe root infection. The Endomychorrizae PGPR test measured the ability of phosphate solubility and the ability to produce IAA along with enzymatic tests on starch hydrolysis and cellulose hydrolysis. The selection test on endomycorrhizae carrier media used 4 substrate variations (soil, soil and potato extract, compost and grains) to support the endomycorrhizal magnification. 15 endomycorrhizal isolates acquired from the altitude of 1300, 1486 to 1550 masl of Cijambu Mount coffee plantation, Genteng Village, Sukasari District, Sumedang District and the altitude of 1800 masl of Mount Malabar Pangalengan, Banjaran District, Bandung regency. Isolate 5 and 22 have opted for the ability to increase the germination time and have the highest growth. Both isolates were able to accelerate the germination time from 45-70 days to 20 days that lead to elevated growth of coffee beans by enlarging 32.6% and 27.2% stem length respectively compared to controls. Endomycorrhizae isolate 5 has the morphological feature of round, reddish green in the middle and white fine filamentous on the exterior part with endophytic type in the form of hyphae, spores, and arbuscula. Endomycorrhizae 22 isolate has round with pink color in the middle, a fine filamentous with endophytic spores and arbuscular structure types. Both isolates showed that positive results on generating IAA growth hormone, phosphate solubility, starch hydrolysis, and cellulose hydrolysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated isolates 5 and 22 were species Fusarium oxysporum from Ascomycota family. Isolates 5 and 22 were able to flourish on all carrier media which optimally burgeoning on the soil-potato extract medium with C-organic total 8,09% and N total 0,52%.. Keyword: Seedlings, endomycorrhizae, diversity, coffee, Sequencing.