The Development Of Batak Toba Dwelling Form Case Study: Jangga Dolok Village and Jangga Toruan Village, Toba Samosir Regency

• Main Author: Meisyara, Fitri
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Bangunan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/33275
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Traditional houses are inherited from generation to generation so that they become part of the living tradition of a particular ethnic group. Nowadays, traditional buildings begin to disappear. Some traditional buildings are still standing but with change in some parts. It is caused by lifethe changing in the lifestyle from traditional society into a modern society. As time goes by, human activities are increased and as the result it increased the needs for space which transforms the physical order of a typology of the existing building. Batak Toba is one of the most prominent tribes in North Sumatra, by the widely ethnic distribution area which has a unique architectural form such as residential building which is constructed to follow a specific pattern loaded with values and customs in society. In Batak Toba, traditional concept houses and village is not only as a physical object, but also rich of philosophical and cosmological significance that reflect the order of the life of the communities. Currently, the existence of the Batak Toba traditional houses began to decrease. This is because the Batak Toba people abandon their traditional houses. Even if it is still inhabited, there is changing in some parts of the building in order to adapt to the needs of its occupants. This study aims to describe the characteristics of Batak Toba traditional houses in Toba Samosir Regency and the changing process that occur in relation to the technology development, economic growth, social system, culture and politics development. This goal will be achieved by mapping the changes of the Batak Toba traditional houses, includes the physical characteristics, the organization of space, and the pattern of living, and the factors that influenced the change of the three Batak Toba traditional villages. Data collection is done through observation and documentation of the object and interview with the occupant. In addition, data obtained through library research about the culture and values of Batak Toba and concept of a Batak Toba traditional house and village. This research adopts descriptive analysis method, which describes the changing phenomenon that occurs in the traditional houses of the Batak Toba traditional village. There are two trends of changes that occur: addition and substraction demolition. The changes in Batak Toba traditional house occurs due to change in the culture of the society caused by the influences from outside the traditional Batak Toba environment. The western education and lifestyle affected the original custom, which is introduced by missionaries and the Netherlands during the occupation of Indonesia. The changes in the leadership system affects the environment in huta, so that huta becomes more open. The development of technology such as the construction of road infrastructure cause more easy access to the traditional villages and allowing for the application of technology and new material in the building. There is a tendency that the traditional building is no longer utilized as it function as dwelling, because the majority of activity in building more take place at the annex. This led to the most traditional buildings found in the Township were observed in untreated conditions and start to break down. This shows that the traditional houses are no longer functional but only as symbolic elements of a traditional village. The changes that occur in traditional houses are affected by the occupants’ economic capabilities, social system prevail in the villages, tourism development, skill development undertaken by local governments, the construction of which was carried out by local governments