INTRINSIC VALUE ESTIMATION OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED JAVAN RHINO (RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS) FOR CONSERVATION

• Main Author: S Hut Msi, Sofiatin
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/33282
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Each biotic diversity has an intrinsic value that is the value of an entity independent of its external environment and its value to humans and is judged on the inherent quality of the entity. Intrinsic value estimation of Javan rhino is necessary to overcome the problem of market failure and undervalue, and to keep this species from becoming extinct. The aim of this research is fivefold: (i) characterize the constituent component of the intrinsic value of Javan rhino; (ii) calculate the formula and estimate of intrinsic value of the Javan rhino in total economic value; (iii) analyze the viability of the Javan rhino population; (iv) evaluate the suitability of IUCN criteria in the determination of species status for the single and endemic population of Javan Rhino; (v) calculate the formula and estimate of conservation cost of Javan rhino as a basis for management The study was conducted from March 2015 through to December 2015 at four concentration sites of Javan rhino (Cibandawoh, Cikeusik, Citadahan and Cigenter) in Ujung Kulon Peninsula, Ujung Kulon National Park. The intrinsic value of Javan rhino was calculated by mathematical formulas based on their intrinsic characteristic and estimated it by various methods (the procurement cost method, which is a modification of travel-cost method, the method of cost rehabilitation, the cost method of substitution/replacement cost, and the preventive cost method). The Javan rhino population viability analyzed by identifying survival requirements and threats encountered, and evaluating the likelihood of Javan rhino population will survive for the future by using Vortex software 9.99 c. Evaluation of conformity criteria IUCN in determining species status for local populations of Javan rhino by observation method and desk research. The intrinsic value of the Javan rhino was formulated as a function of the intrinsic value of the habitat, the intrinsic value of population growth and the genetic intrinsic value. The intrinsic value of habitat was Rp 49.317.679.806,-, the intrinsic value of Javan rhino population growth was Rp 19.237.643.510,-, and the genetic intrinsic value was Rp 72.069.268.500,-. The intrinsic value of the Javan rhino obtained at the time of the research was Rp 140.624.591.816,- ? $10,502,426 (USD), while the present intrinsic value (with a long-term government interest rate of 6% per year) is Rp. 2.314.094.671.230,- ? $172,809,698 (USD). There are many factors needed in order maintain their survival, such as the availability of sufficient food plants, moderate land elevation, flat land slopes (0-8%), adequate availability of water and mineral salts, wallows and reproductive factors. The Javan rhino faces threats to its population and to its habitat. Population threats include disease, inbreeding pressures, small population growth, bull rivalry and hunting. Habitat threats, on the other hand, include the invasion of tropical plants, natural disasters (volcanic eruptions) and limited habitat availability. The population of Javan rhino decreased after 50 years in all scenarios of risk-threat combinations. The risk of extinction at 2% arenga palm invasion level and 2% combination of arenga palm invasion with disease after 50 years was low, but increased after volcanic eruption (PE = 0.014) and inbreeding pressure 9.00 LEs were included in the scenario (PE = 0.014). The IUCN criteria used for establishing highly endangered species status, which includes population size reduction, geographical range, adult number and quantitative analysis, should be corrected by incorporating genetic factors and the intrinsic value in the determination process of a species’ status. The intrinsic value, population viability and risk of extinction of the Javan rhino must be taken into account when calculating conservation costs. To ensure the sustainable management of Javan rhino conservation, the cost of the conservation is at least equal to the intrinsic value of the species.