EQUITY ISSUE ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION GOVERNANCE; A CASE STUDY OF URBAN TRANSPORT EXERTION IN BANDUNG

• Main Author: Kurnianto, Benny
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/33973
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Within the last decade, the transformation of people?s behavior in transportation has a relation to transportation problem. During this phase, there is shifting of people selection from public transport into private vehicle, especially motorcycle. The growth of private vehicle does not only bring effect related to transportation issues such as congestion and accident. This motorization trend is also related to other subjects such asenvironmental, economic, and social issues. Encouraging the utilization of public transport has been claimed as the solution of the problem. In other word, private vehicle user should be directed to re-take public transport. However, the utilization of public transport has declined until three percent per year. The effect of motorization tend to be perceived in cities such as Bandung. Public transport in this city which is dominated by urban transport (angkot) gradually left by the citizen. In addition, there are at least fifteen thousand people involve in urban transport operation and make this public service as the livehoods. Nevertheless, the pressure due the transformation of people?s behavior in transportation are recognized differently among these people or actors involved in the operation of the urban transport. This degradation / decreasing condition of urban transport indicate that governance urban transport in Bandung tend to be unsustainable.In addition, the implementation of this governance affect the distribution of benefits among actors involved in urban transport. This study took several steps to gain understanding the phenomenon related to the sustainability of urban transport either as transportation or social issues. The study begins by observing in the field and comprehending news in mass media to get the notion of urban transport condition. Next, several discussion are organized with the actors involved, both from government and private sector.The result of discussion was then analyzed to recognize each party?s perception toward the motorization and its effect toward degradation of urban transport.The next step was describingany effort taken by government related to transportation issues in general and urban transport issues in particular. From this point, the objective of v policy or the tendency toward the existence of urban transport could be described. Next, the previous description was then used to analyze actors and their relation involved in the operation of urban transport. This relation was then used to make description on how the existence of urban transport could give benefit toward each actors. This study also examine any strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat to formulate strategies as an possibility to improve condition of urban transport. The discussion in this study emphasis on public transportation services which is provided by the private sector and how its operation distribute benefits to the actors involved. Thus, this study examines several concepts related to governance of public transportation. Studies on privatization policies is also useful to understand the existence of urban transport as social phenomenon because there was extension of the network after the policy was implemented. Later, the concepts of justice is essential to examine the equality issue on the benefit distribution of urban transport operation. Transformation of people?s behavior in transportation has a relation with degradation of urban transport. The transformation cause a pressure toward the operation of this transportation mode. The urban transport service became worse. This s condition makes citizen tend to leave this mode and turning to use motorbike. The opinion blooms that the cycle begins after the public transport fare raised. On the other hand, the ease ownership of motorbike and the cost compared between the two modes made citizens considering to leave public transport. Urban transport compete with the advantages of motorbike frequently promoted. Another pressure occurs when government prefers to develop public mass transport to challenge issues related to the growth of private vehicle. The pressure described previously showed that some actors are more vulnerable and marginalized that the others. Urban transport governance tend to create impartiality, especially toward the marginalized actors. This study concluded that 1) lack of government?s role in urban transport service make private sector dominate control. The governance of urban transport service lead to injustice condition for public transport user and the actor involve in the operation. 2) There are inequitably distribution benefit or income because of the governance of urban transport. This pattern arise disparity on how each actor receive benefit. There are actors who directly receive benefit and make their income more secure. Meanwhile, there are actors who receive the benefit indirectly which positions these actors in insecure situation. To improve this condition, some practical solution may be carried out which engage government role to bear the risk of urban transport operation. This effort could actualize the state's responsibility to ensure the availability of feasible public services