THE STUDY OF FIRE RISK REDUCTION METHOD IN HERITAGE BUILDING CASE STUDY: FACULTY HOUSE KERKHOVEN, LEMBANG

• Main Author: Nur Azizah, Nafisah
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Arsitektur
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/34246
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Fire risk reduction in heritage building must be conducted since fire can damaging irreplaceable historic fabric. However, fire protection system installations in heritage building could be potentially damaging the aesthetic value and cultural significance. Therefore it is necessary to study the fire risk reduction methods that in accordance with the purpose of heritage buildings conservation. The aim of this study is to obtain fire risk reduction methods without reducing the value of the cultural significance of heritage building. The study was conducted on The Faculty House Kerkhoven, one of the supporting facilities in Bosscha Observatory. The risk analyses were conducted by performance-based approach, which assesses the risks through achievement of performance criteria. Performance criteria in this study consisted of life safety and building safety performance criteria. Life safety performance criteria is achieved when the RSET (Required Safe Egress Time) shorter than ASET (Available Safe Egress Time) concept fulfilled. In the other hand, building safety performance criteria is achieved when room and building contents that contains historical significance are not affected by fires which is causing irreversible damage. Analysis by using FDS+Evac and PyroSim computer model show that The Faculty House Kerkhoven has met the life safety performance criteria due to the RSET shorter than ASET is achieved in the entire scenario. However, The Faculty House Kerkhoven as a heritage building is considered to have a high risk of fire hazard, because irreversible damage parameter is achieved for all scenarios. Morover, flashover condition was occurs for most scenarios even at less than five minutes. In order to reduce the risk of fire, recommendations of fire risk reduction are drawn up related to the fire safety management, active protection systems, and passive protection systems. The main step that must be done is fire prevention that consists of fire prevention team arrangement, SOP establishment, personnel training, building maintenance and protection system maintenance. If the fire persists in, the risk is reduced by fire containment and suppression system. This step is done by installing a detection system and automatic fire suppression systems such as sprinkler and FM-200. FM-200 gas based system is used for asset protection that can be defective by water. Sprinkler can be installed by camouflage approach where sprinkler piping is exposed to avoid cutting and iv patching of historic materials, but the pipe and sprinkler heads must be painted to match the background colors of the ceiling. However, the results of the simulation show that sprinkler installation is not enough to protect heritage buildings due to dangerous conditions could still be achieved. Therefore, passive protection system is needed such as concealed door closer, fire seal, and the use of fire retardant. Besides that, evacuation access protection must be achieved by install exit sign system in the building, evacuation routes maintenance and directive at the time of evacuation by fire evacuation team.