EFFECTS OF THE ADDITION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL ANTIBIOTIC IN FEED ON THE CONCENTRATION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL RESIDUE IN WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)) CULTURE

• Main Author: Indrya Sari Sunardi, Ria
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/34808
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Shrimp is an important fisheries export commodity which contributes significantly to Indonesia’s foreign exchange income. Among several species, white shrimp ((Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)) has been successfully cultured using intensive technology. A common problem in large scale shrimp farming is the increase in shrimp disease outbreak. To prevent or handle such diseases, farmers have often use antibiotics which have actually been forbidden by goverment regulations. This may be related to the lack of regulation enforcement and monitoring, as well as limited scientific information on the negative effects of antibiotic use. The use of antibiotics in shrimp farming has at times resulted in great economic loss, as certain countries (Japan, USA and the European Union) banned the importing of Indonesian shrimp. The general objective of this study was to provide pertinent scientific information on the effects of antibiotic use, specifically chloramphenicol, on residue concentration in white shrimp culture. Effects were evaluated by measuring and analysing chloramphenicol residue concentration, depletion time, and half time in white shrimp treated with medicated feed. Parameters measured were growth and survival rate of shrimp, and feeding conversion rate. Growth was measured as the increase in individual body weight and length; survival rate was calculated as the percentage of live shrimp, while feed conversion rate was calculated as total feed used in treatment divided by total biomass of white shrimp. Chloramphenicol was also measured in the water medium. Physico-chemical water quality parameters included measurement of pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite, alkalinity, nitrate, and ammonia. In addition, analysis was conducted on several economic aspects of chloramphenicol use in shrimp farming. The size of shrimp used for experiment was post larva 30 (PL30). Treatments were conducted in 12 plastic cylinder tanks (four treatments, each with three replicates) with volume of +170 liters. Treatment consisted of medicated feed with four chloramphenicol concentrations, i.e., 0, 1, 2, and 3 g drug/kg feed. One hundred white shrimp was vi cultured in each tank. After nine weeks, the highest mean chloramphenicol residue concentration was detected in white shrimp given medicated feed at a concentration of 3 g/kg feed, i.e., (3.61 ± 0.10) ?g/kg. This measurement was significantly different from the other concentration treatments (P<0.05). In the same treatment, chloramphenicol residue in water reached (0.13 ± 0.03) ?g/L, which was not significantly different from other treatments (P>0.05). Depletion time of chloramphenicol residue in white shrimp tissue showed a significant difference among treatments. Chloramphenicol residue in white shrimp tissue was projected to be lost/undetected in 15.6–22.7 weeks after application of chloramphenicol antibiotic in feed with concentration of 1-3 g/kg feed. Meanwhile, depletion time of chloramphenicol residue in water medium was projected to be lost in 8.4–9.1 weeks after chloramphenicol application in feed with the same concentration as above. The highest mean body weight, length, and survival rate were found in white shrimp treated with 2 g/kg medicated feed, as follows: body weight (10.65 ± 0.6496) gram which was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05); length (11.67 ± 0.06) cm which was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05); and survival rate (80.7 ± 0.6) % which was not significantly different from treatment of 0 and 1 g/kg (P>0.05), but significantly diffferent from the 3 g/kg treatment (P<0.05). The best value for feeding conversion rate was obtained at chloramphenicol concentration of 2 g/kg (1.39 + 0.03), which was not significantly different from the 1 g/kg treatment (P>0.05), but significantly different from treatments of 0 and 3 g/kg (P<0.05). In general, water quality parameters during the culture period were within the acceptable ranges for white shrimp growth and development; and conditions were not significantly different among treatments (P>0.05). Ranges in water quality measurements were: pH (6.60-8.93); temperature (27.02 –30.83) 0C; salinity (14–16.67) mg/L; DO (4,02–6.36) mg/L, NO2- (0.0009– 0.073) mg/L; alkalinity (62.66–228.66) mg/L; NO3-(1-28) mg/L; and ammonia (0.0009–0.102) mg/L. Preliminary economic analysis indicate that the use of 2 g/kg chloramphenicol provides a higher economic benefit to farmers (B/C ratio = 1.31); however, as demonstrated from laboratory results, there is the risk of chloramphenicol residue. Meanwhile, culturing without chloramphenicol use is still economically beneficial (B/C ratio = 1.14) without risk of residue concentration. Overall results indicate that the use of chloramphenicol in feed results in detectable amounts of residue in white shrimp tissue which tend to decrease with time. Antibiotic residue concentration in shrimp must still become an important consideration in ensuring residue-free and consumer-safe produce.