ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION LIPID FROM SEAWEED FOR BIODIESEL

• Main Author: Lina Wiraswati, Hesti
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/34916
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Fuel oil crisis engulfing the world has impelled researchers to find alternative fuel oil sources. Various potential land plants have been proposed as a new source for biodiesel, such as corn, soybean, jatropha, oil palm, and sunflower seeds. Utilizations of land plants as a source of biodiesel are still facing obstacles. It require large field, high cost maintenance, long harvest time, and cause conflict between food and energy. As alternative to solve above problem, researchers have begin to see the source of location for biodiesel to the sea. Algae has the potential to replace the previous plant-based sources, as it has short cultivation, low cost, and not a primary food source. Lipid content of microalgae is about 30% dw, but its cultivation technique is difficult and high cost. While macroalgae (seaweed) has simple cultivation technique and using labor-intensive system. Isolation and identification lipid from local seaweed for biodiesel synthesis has not been done. In this research were carried out isolation and identification of lipid from Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., And Ulva sp. for biodiesel production. The research strategy was started by extracting fresh seaweed using chloroform-methanol solvent with a ratio of 2:1 and then obtained lipid extracts was dehydrated with the anhydrous compounds. Water content detection was conducted using NIR spectrophotometer. After that, solvent vapors was removed using distillation and the produced oil was transesterified using methanol with thermostable lipase enzyme as a catalyst. The biodiesel product was characterized using flame and mass spectroscopy analysis that was conducted using ESI-MS. The presence of seaweeds on Sayang Heulang beach, Pameungpeuk Garut are dominated by Sargassum sp. (Phaeophyta) around 49% then followed by Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. Water content of lipid extracted from Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Ulva sp. were 4%, 11,4%, and 9.23%. Respectively, lipid content after water content correction for Gracilaria sp. was 30.99% fw, Sargassum sp. was 22.18% fw and Ulva sp. was 21.45% fw. The resulting methyl ester was then tested qualitatively using a flame test. The flame appearing in the test will indicate the successful synthesis of the biodiesel. Further test was analyzing the types of fatty acids in biodiesel performed using ESI-MS. The results indicate the presence of fatty acids with many double bonds in seaweed lipid. Sargassum sp. contain oleic acid (omega-9 fatty acid). While in Gracilaria sp. contain 24:6 (omega-3 fatty acid). Ulva sp. contain oleic acid (omega-9 fatty acid). This results indicated that the seaweed lipid Sargassum sp. and Ulva sp. also have potential in the field of food and health, while Gracilaria sp. is more potential as biodiesel source of lipid.