PROFIL METABOLOMIK KELAPA SAWIT Elaeis guineensis Jacq. TERINFEKSI Ganoderma boninense Pat.

• Main Author: Indriani, Susi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/35716
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the main source of vegetable oil in the world with production reaching ten times higher than other oil-producing plants, which is around 8 tons per hectare. The current troubling issue is the decline production due to the attack of Ganoderma boninense Pat. This fungus lives in colonizing the palm oil root network, then forming a fruit body (Basidiocarps) that causes decay in the roots and stems of plants. The disease is known as basal stem rot (BSR). One of the plant responses when there is a pathogen attack either fungus or bacteria is by producing the metabolite components as a defense mechanism in plants. The purpose of this study is to find out the profile of compounds that emerged in infected oil palm to compare to healthy oil palm. Samples of palm rods which have different levels of infections; healthy, low infection, moderate and high infection were identified by physical characteristic of oil palm. Methods were include preparation (liquid nitrogen and storage at -80oC), extraction (using methanol solvent and sonicator) and untargeted component analysis using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After GC-MS analysis, peaks output and compound’s name from GCMS results were analyzed further using MetaboAnalyst software. The results of 12 samples analysis was found 195 peak grouped into 18 groups. PCA analysis showed that total of two Principal components (PCs) is 32.2% of variation. This suggests that there were differences in the diversity and concentration of metabolite types between each infection level especially between samples with high infections and other samples. PLS-DA analysis used to clarify the separation between different groups of infection rates, with the total variation of two components is 24.5%. The PLS-DA results also identified three important features as potential biomarker candidates with VIP values higher than 1.5. The three features were linolelaidic acid, dodecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. The concentration of linolelaidic acid was found different in each sample from different infectious level. The highest concentrations contained in the sample with high infection. These results showed that the most likely candidate of biomarkers based on VIP values was linolelaidic acid. Based on the results of metabolic path analysis, linolelaidic acid compounds had compatibility with linoleic acid compounds which are isomer with linolelaidic acid. The function of linoleidic acid is to stimulate apoptosis in cells, whereas the linoleic acid isomer acts as an antifungal and antimicrobial in oil-producing plants. The conclusion is the profile of compounds that appear show differences in specific compounds which is responsible for the plants response to fungal attacks.