Effect of Spatial and Motor Learning Induction on Synaptophysin Expression of Rat’s (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout) Hippocampus in Critical Periods

• Main Author: Qoniah, Celine
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/35826
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Learning as a consolidation process of memories occurs as long as periods of life. The effect of different age and motor learning induction to spatial learning process and synaptophysin (SYP) expression as an indicator of synaptogenesis in rat’s hippocampus has been observed. The expression of glycoprotein synaptophysin where present in the membrane of neuronal presynaptic vesicles in brain, were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. We used running wheel and water-E-maze apparatus to facilitate motor activity and spatial learning. The experiment was designed by randomized block design consisted of nine groups based on critical age development period in learning process of rat (1, 2 and 3 months old). Each age group of rat was divided again into 3 different learning stimulations groups: (1) blank control group (KB) received neither the spatial nor the motor learning, (2) group received spatial learning through water-E-maze apparatus (WE), and (3) group experienced motor learning using running wheel prior the spatial learning tests through water-E-maze (RWE). Measurement parameters using in this spatial learning apparatus were latencies and numbers of mistake to reach the goal. The hippocampi from all test animals were isolated and processed further for paraffin immunohistochemistry method and immunoblotting method using primary Mouse monoclonal antibody [SP15] anti-SYP ab11105 (Abcam) and Biotinylated secondary antibody goat anti-mouse IgG (Santa Cruz). The results showed that when rats experienced both running wheel and water-E-maze (RWE group) they had the best performance (i.e. the lowest latencies and the least number of mistakes) (P<0,001). Moreover, the RWE groups showed decreasing ability on reaching the goal on both parameters when the goal direction was changed in the 7th periods of testing. However the latencies between WE and RWE groups were not significantly different and considered as disturbance in spatial-learning memorizing. Rats of 1 month and 2 months old were adaptive to this spatial disorientation phenomenon in both RWE and WE groups. The result of immunohistochemistry supported the result of immunoblotting that in RWE group SYP expression increased compared to WE and control group in all age. The analysis of SYP expression showed similar result with spatial learning test when compared with the reduction of mistake and latency. Those, the highest level of SYP were shown by RWE-2 which was quite different to the result of os spatial learning test. The best performers were RWE-2 and conclude that motor induction through running-wheel on spatial-learning process in water-E-maze apparatus (RWE) may increase SYP expression, especially during critical periods of young rats.