ELASTICITY RESPONSE OF PRIVATE VEHICLE USERS TO ON-STREET PARKING PRICING POLICY IN BANDUNG CITY

• Main Author: Regina Marcendy, Bea
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/36032
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Bandung as an urban area which is the center of various activities causes high movement generation. It is also aggravated by the number of motorized vehicles which continues to increase every year. This situation made the demand for transportation facilities such as the demand for parking lots are getting higher. The imbalance between available parking lots and the number of vehicles that will park causes various problems, such as illegal parking. On-street parking is a limited commodity, so this is important to be managed efficiently and effectively as a scarce and valuable resource. Providing excessive on-street parking facilities will have an impact on several things, including congestion and increased use of private vehicles. The decreasing road capacity due to on-street parking in Bandung is one of the causes of congestion. From various parking policies, parking pricing is one of the most effective tools in influencing driver behavior patterns, so urban planners and policy makers can use this policy to regulate the amount of trips in the city center. Therefore, to determine a parking pricing policy, it is important to understand how users in a city respond to a new policy, where in this research the parking user response is needed to determine the level of ability to pay parking rates in order to encourage mode shifting. The respondents were selected using a cluster random sampling of 203 people, where each clusters or categories were arranged based on 5D’s aspects (density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit) and congestion points in Bandung, that resulting in 6 parking zone categories. The response was carried out using the analysis of tariff elasticity, Ability to Pay, and Willingness to Pay which originated from stated preference questionnaires distributed to respondents. It turns out that the responses given by users of on-street parking in the six categories have a fairly uniform tariff range, that is in the range of IDR 5,000 to IDR 6,000 per hour which turns out to be considered as the most effective parking rates, wherein the elasticity of car users who still choose to park at these locations is in the range of -2.81 to -12.84, while in the range of 4.25 to 11.89 that shifting to public transportation. However, this uniform result indicates that the classification of parking zones based on regional compactness and congestion points does not provide a significant difference in response. Based on the calculation of ATP and WTP values it is known that the users of on-street parking actually have a high enough ability to pay for parking rates which are much higher than the current parking rates. But based on their will, they are still want the cheap on-street parking rates. If it is linked between WTP and parking zone classification, it can be seen the differences in patterns that occur, where in the not compact category, the WTP value is the highest compared to other categories, this is caused by a lack of public transportation facilities that serve the area, so users have no other choice. In the quite compact category has the lowest WTP value, this is because in this category the density is the highest, this characterizes that in this category the land use is residential, which can also be called the origin of the trip. Finally, in the compact category, the WTP value is the second half of the other categories. The level of diversity in this category is the highest, this indicates that this category is a trip destination where users will not be able to change the destination or even cancel it, but in this category where located in the downtown area where online transportation services are easy to find, hence the user response is more inclined to use online transportation. Due to the dissatisfaction of private vehicle users of the conditions of public transportation, the increase in parking rates will be more effective if accompanied by an increase in services from public transportation.