MEDICAL POTENTIAL OF SENGON PLANT METABOLITE (Falcataria moluccana) WITH GALL RUST DISEASE

• Main Author: Rumidatul, Alfi
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/36371
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The development of health and medicine begins to look for and utilize secondary metabolite compounds of plants that have biological activity as the raw materials of drugs. In general, secondary metabolite production will increase if the plant suffers from the disease. One of the plants suspected of having the ability to produce secondary metabolite compounds is sengon plant that suffers gall rust disease by Uromycladium tepperianum fungus. This capability due to the mechanism of self-defense by Sengon plant against U. tepperianum fungus attack which is suspected through the synthesis of secondary metabolite compounds and protein synthesis of Pathogenesis Related protein (PR-protein) that is a protease inhibitor (trypsin inhibitor). Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the bioactivity of secondary metabolites of sengon plant that suffers gall rust disease because so far no one has reported. This study was conducted in three stages: phase I: evaluate the activity of trypsin inhibitor based on the difference of plant part and age, total protein content and protein profile in healthy sengon plant and sengon plant infected with gall rust disease. Phase II: isolate trypsin inhibitor on sengon plant and purify trypsin inhibitors and assess cytotoxicity activity against breast cancer and cervical cancer cells. Pashe III: perform the extraction process to get the extract of secondary metabolite of sengon that attacked by gall rust disease by using different solvents which have a different polarity level. The extracts were obtained by phytochemical test to identify bioactive compound and were tested with bioactivity test, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anthelmintic tests. In the first phase of the study, sengon plants with gall rust disease showed higher activity of trypsin inhibitor (195.20 TUI/mg) than in the healthy wood (149.59 TUI/mg). The activity of trypsin inhibitor on the bark (188.82 TUI/mg) was higher than the wood part (155.97 TUI/mg). The 1-2 year old plant group had the highest activity of trypsin inhibitor. The sengon plants with gall rust disease showed a higher total protein content than healthy sengon plants. The protein profile of gall rust on sengon plants found in protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa, which suspected as trypsin inhibitor (protease inhibitor) which is a protective protein of sengon plant against attack of fungus U. tepperianum that cause gall rust disease. v The results of the second phase of study, trypsin inhibitor can be isolated from the bark of sengon with gall rust disease and purified by chromatography gel filtration with Sephadex G-100 and obtained specific activity of 1250.33 U/mg and multi purification of 20.96 times. The characteristic of trypsin inhibitor was optimum at temperature of 50°C with activity of 1200,67 U/mg and optimum at pH 8 with activity equal to 1268,75 U/mg and molecular weight of 21 – 28.7 kDa. Trypsin inhibitors obtained from the bark of sengon with gall rust disease have cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer with IC50 values of 79.81 ppm. The results of the third phase, extraction of secondary metabolite of sengon twig by using n-hexan solvent, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The highest result was obtained from methanol solvent. Phytochemical test showed that terpenoid, steroids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds are present in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. In the extract methanol also found tannin and saponin compounds. The secondary metabolites of sengon plants with gall rust disease had higher bioactivity when compared with the secondary metabolites of healthy sengon plants as both antimicrobial, antioxidant and anthelmintic. The results of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of secondary metabolites of sengon identified several types of compounds such as ?-pinene, camphene, 1-phellandrene, dl-limonene, eucalyptol, ?-terpinolene, ? terpineol, octadecanoate, tetradecanoic acid/myristic acid, hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid, benzoic acid, benzene, delta 3-carene, bicyclo [4.1.0] hept-2-ene 3,7,7-trimethyl, azulene cyclopenta cycloheptane, butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT), ascaridole, linalool and mom inositol. Overall, the results of this study can be concluded that the sengon plant with gall rust disease caused by fungus Uromycladium tepperianum, producing secondary metabolites that have cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer cells, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. The expected scientific contribution of the results of this study is to provide information on the potential of non-timber forest products, namely secondary metabolites from sengon plants with gall rust disease as products of natural ingredients that can be developed in the field of health and medicine.