PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CHROMIUM BY Eichhornia crassipes AND Pistia stratiotes PLANTS APPLIED AS SINGLE SPECIES AND IN COMBINATION AND EFFECTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND GROWTH OF BOTH SPECIES

• Main Author: Erry Takene, Deorosari
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/36382
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes are capabled to absorb heavy metals like chromium (Cr) and can potentially act as phytoremediation agents; but the effect of Cr absorption on growth conditions, physiology and anatomy has not been widely studied. The purposes of this study are: (1) to determine the effectiveness of Cr absorption and accumulation by E. crassipes and P. stratiotes, either single or in combination; and (2) to evaluate the physiology, anatomy and growth response of each phytoremediation agent. Treatments were experimented by exposing plants, either single or in combination, to water media with the addition of K2Cr2O7 with concentration of Cr is 7 mg L-1. A solution of K2Cr2O7 without the addition of plants used as comparison (control). For observing physiological and anatomy parameters water media was used without addition of K2Cr2O7. Cr concentration in water media and the rate decline of change is measured every three days for five-day retention period. After the retention period, the plant parameter measured are Cr accumulation in root and shoot, physiology (chlorophyll and proline), anatomy and growth (wet and dry weight). The results showed that the residual Cr on combination species media treatment was the lowest about 3 mg L-1 with a decrease rate 6.30% /day. The decrease in single or combination species treatment media was significantly different from control (p<0.05). Cr accumulation was more in the root than the shoot. It was more accumulated in combination treatment about 10,582 mg / kg. The results of chlorophyll measurements also showed a decreasing, with the greatest decrease in P. stratiotes, both in single and combination treatments, with the final content of 1 mg / g significantly different from the control (p <0.05). Proline levels was higher in leaves than roots; the highest concentration was in the leaves of P. stratiotes about 8.53 ?g / g. It was significantly different from the control (p <0.05). Cr exposure affects root cells and tissues: The length of the outer v cortex was increased in all treatments, with the longest size on E. crassipes, about 154.73 ± 8.26 ?m. The aerenchyme length tended to decrease with the shortest in single species P. stratiotes. with an average end size of 94.35 ± 33.56 ?m. The length of the inner cortex in a single species increased, with the longest size on E. crassipes, (average final size 181.46 ± 3.70 ?m), and decreased in combination species, with greater decrease in P. stratiotes by size end of 44.39 ± 2.88 ?m. The average size of endodermis tended to increase, especially in single species E. crassipes with a final size of 15.97 ± 1.94 ?m. The xylem lumen tends to decrease in E. crassipes, whereas Cr has no effect on the lumen xylem P. stratiotes. The final length of the cortex on E. crassipes treatment was significantly different from the control. The aerenchyma width of P. stratiotes tended to decrease with the mean final size of 54.51 ± 3.70 ?m. The highest decrease in wet weight was found in single species P. stratiotes treatment, with a final wet weight of 110.5 g and a dry weight of 7 g. Generally, it can be concluded that the combination of species treatment can absorb more Cr than that single species. The presence of Cr in plants leads to decreased of chlorophyll, increased the leaf proline, changed in tissue anatomy, it tended to result in wet and dry weight reduction.