THE ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSIONS RELATED TO PLANT GROWTH AND MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.) TREATED BY CHITOSAN
Chili is one of the most cultivated vegetables in Indonesia. It has broad market potential due to the development of food, cosmetics and pharmacy industry. As a food commodity, most of chili was consumed in fresh condition. Therefore, in order to make a good commodity, it needs a good agricultures p...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/36619 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Chili is one of the most cultivated vegetables in Indonesia. It has broad market potential due to the development of food, cosmetics and pharmacy industry. As a food commodity, most of chili was consumed in fresh condition. Therefore, in order to make a good commodity, it needs a good agricultures practices (GAP) that proposes food safety. As an export commodity chili should be free from chemical residues. One of the application of GAP is reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticides when chili cultivation. Chitosan is an organic material, derivatives copolymer from chitin, known as degradable, bioactive and non-toxic material. In other hand, chitosan is also well known to stimulate plant growth by an increment of morphology and physiology characters. Thus, this research objectives were to evaluate the influences of chitosan in morpho-physiology characters and to analyze gene expression related to plant growth in chili var. LABA F1 and LADO F1. Chitosan (concentration 1000 ?g mL-1) was applied weekly on chili var. LABA F1 and LADO F1 from 14 - 35 days old plant by using foliar spraying for experimental group and distilled water for control group, respectively. The observation of morpho-physiology character includes an increment of plant height, increment of leaf numbers and chlorophyll content carried out every week along with the chitosan application. Determination of plant height number was using a ruler, number of leaves by hand-counted and chlorophyll content by using SPAD meter. The results of observation of increment plant height, leaves number and chlorophyll content showed significantly (P<0.05) higher results in chitosan treatment compared to the control group in LADO F1 cultivar. In LABA F1 showed the same results except in the number of leaves. Meanwhile, gene expression analysis was conducted by doing RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and amplification of target genes by RT-PCR. Thirteen target genes was obtained from trancriptomic analysis of chili treated chitosan and distilled water as a control group in previous research. Semiquantification of gene expressions were performed by imageJ program showed that genes related to photosynthesis are (Ca: Capsicum annuum) Photosystem I reaction center subunit III (CaPsa-F); Photosystem I reaction center subunit V (CaPsaL); Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3-2 (CaPSBQ2); Photosystem II reaction center W protein (CaPsbW); and Calvin cycle protein CP12-2 (CaCP12) expressed in higher results in chitosan treatment compared to control. In addition to, remain genes coded proteins that has a role in biosynthesis also showed the same trends. Genes of Serine protease inhibitor 1-like (CaSPI), Small heat shock protein (CasHsp1), Thiamine thiazole synthase 1 (CaTHI1) were specified in defense response; Sugar transporter ERD6-like (CaERD6), stromal 70 kDa heat shock-related protein (CaSHSP, CaSHSP2) has specific function in transportation. Meanwhile, Methionine gamma-lyase-like (CaMGL), and Protochlorophyllide reductase-like (CaPOR) has a role in protein/metabolites biosynthesis. In general, the results of this study showed that chitosan induces stress condition at the beginning of application followed by the activation several genes related to photosynthesis, biosynthesis and defense response. |
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