Determination of Calcium Soap Manufacture Operation Conditions for Animal Feed on Pilot Scale

• Main Author: George Stanley, Nicholas
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/38483
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world which is 55% of the world’s total palm oil production in 2017. Process of refining palm oil produces byproduct of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) which contains lots of free fatty acids. PFAD can be used to make calcium soap for animal feed supplement by reacting with calcium oxide solids. Calcium soap is a protected fat supplement that can give energy for cow after giving birth and increase milk production. The use of PFAD into calcium soap in Indonesia is still very low, so this experiment is expected to be able to overcome the problem of low dairy milk production in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the operating conditions for making calcium soap on a pilot scale. Making calcium soap on a pilot scale is carried out by a modified fusion method. Melting PFAD, CaO solids, and water are included in the CSTR. The reacting mixture is released at the CSTR outlet at a certain temperature. Calcium soap will flow from CSTR to the screw reactor and then head to the conveyor belt. Variations carried out in this study were CaO levels (72 – 79%), CSTR outlet temperature (72 – 90oC), use of screw reactor or not, and initial PFAD mass (3, 5, and 10 kg). The experimental results with levels of CaO 76 - 79%, operation using a screw reactor, and the outlet temperature of CSTR 84 - 86oC produced calcium soap with acid numbers below 1 mg / g KOH. The use of low CaO levels (72 - 75%) can cause the reaction mixture to be viscous and cannot flow in the screw reactor. Therefore, to produce calcium soap with acid numbers below 1 mg / g KOH, the operation for low CaO levels is without the use of reactor screw and CSTR outlet temperature 76 - 80oC.