GOVERNANCE OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS WITH SOCIAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE CASE STUDY: SAVU SEA NATIONAL MARINE PARK AND SENDANGBIRU COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION AREA

• Main Author: Oktavia, Putu
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/39229
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The debate about the success and effectiveness of management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as one of the common property resources is closely related to governance issues. Various definitions of governance illustrate that governance requires engagement and cooperation between government actors and other actors outside the government to achieve a certain goal through networks and partnerships. Various experiences and failures in the management of marine resources show the need to balance the top-down and bottom-up approaches that have been used so far. Researchers and practitioners state the importance of adapting to natural resource and environmental management approaches and providing a participatory learning environment and platform where individuals can meet, learn together, and make collective decisions. In the context of environmental management, intensive interaction between the actors involved turns out to be related to the existence of reflexive constructs or changes in personal and collective identity related to nature. In relation to the governance approach, it was concluded that the existence of differences in management approaches (especially between top-down and bottomup approaches) gave rise to differences in mastery of knowledge, which had implications for differences in interaction between stakeholders in the social learning process so that it might produce different outcomes. This study seeks to explore and understand the extent to which social learning occurs in MPA management with a top-down and bottom-up approach, especially related to the processes and outcomes of social learning in both approaches. The results are then used to develop more effective interventions to promote broader social learning in the form of co-management that balances the top-down and bottom-up approaches to MPA management. The strategy chosen to answer the study question is by case study. This strategy is used because this research has characteristics appropriate to the use of case studies: focusing on in-depth analysis of a particular case, eg in the case of a program, event, activity, or individual, iv individually as well as a group of individuals; or complex phenomena which impossible to explain through experiment. As an empirical research method, case studies aim to understand contemporary phenomena in depth dan in a real-life context, where the boundaries between phenomena dan the relative contexts are united dan can not be clearly separated, dan if the question posed is "how" or "why" which researchers have no control over an event. The use of case studies is expected to produce a conclusion regarding the results of social learning in the planning dan management of the MPA in accordance with the context. Study cases are viewed dan assessed on a realistic dan open-ended measures, dan not based on which considerations are considered 'true' or 'best' on the theoretical side. This research is based on the premise that the conservation of natural resources must be fundamentally shifted from ecological considerations to social reality associated with natural resource management to ensure the achievement of conservation dan development objectives simultaneously. Therefore, the use of a social learning perspective in MPA management coupled with stakeholder relationship analysis will enable this study to look at the interaction between various stakeholders with the social dynamics taking place in it, the interaction between stakeholders dan the environment, dan how those interactions affect conservation initiatives dan vice versa. This is especially relevant today, where global marine resources are subjected to various pressures from over-exploitation, habitat degradation dan the threat of climate change. This dissertation emphasizes the benefits of managing the MPA together through a collective action, without intending to encourage co-management as the only solution to managing an MPA. Compared to prioritizing the differences between top-down management systems carried out by the government and community bottom-up systems, this dissertation emphasizes the convergence between the two systems in a social learning perspective, while emphasizing the role of social researchers to bridge the gap between theory and practice of co-management.