CHARACTERIZATION OF AFRICAN WOOD GLULAM (Maesopsis eminii) FROM SAWMILL WASTE BASED ON ADHESIVE TYPE AND PRESSING TIME

• Main Author: Kusuma Wardhani, Vikih
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/39765
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Timber is one of the commodities whose demand continues to increase. However, the supply of timber commodity from natural forests is decreasing. African wood (Maesopsis eminii) is one of the fastest growing types of wood that has the potential to be developed in community forests. In the sawing process, 22% of wood waste is produced. To utilize waste from a piece of sawn timber, new products that have high added value need to be created. One of the wood products that can be developed is by making Glulam. The adhesive that is currently widely used by people to make glulam is PVAc and UF. However, the use of UF adhesives will produce formaldehyde emissions. Tanin can be used as an adhesive by using bark powder to become an environmentally friendly adhesive. The tannin used in this study was the result of the extraction of surian bark tannins, with yields which were obtained at 9.43%. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties (moisture content and specific gravity), mechanical (adhesive strength, MOE, and MOR), the glulam ratio of African wood glulam using PVAc, UF, and UF + Tanin adhesives, and formaldehyde emissions for UF and UF adhesives + Tanin, as well as the best press time for all types of adhesives. Glulam testing refers to the JAS 234-2003 standard, then the test results are compared with the JAS 234-2003 standard, SNI 01-5008.2-1999 standard regarding laminated wood and general use beam boards, SNI 03-3527-1994 concerning the strength of construction wood in dry conditions and SNI 06-0060-1998 concerning liquid urea formaldehyde for plywood adhesives. The results showed the highest test value of African wood glulam, PVAc adhesive water content of 15.2% (48-hour press time). Specific gravity 0.409 (when pressing 72 hours). Adhesive firmness of 20.09 kg / cm² (when pressing 48 hours). MOE 36336.83 kg / cm² (press time 72 hours). MOR 210.06 kg / cm² (when pressing 72 hours). UF adhesive treatment, 14.9% moisture content (24-hour press time). Specific gravity 0.409 (24-hour press time). Adhesive firmness of 53.26 kg / cm² (when pressing 72 hours). MOE 46216.96 kg / cm² (48 hour press time). MOR 268.66 kg / cm² (48 hour press time). UF + Tanin adhesive treatment, water content 16.3% (48 hours press time). Specific gravity 0.397 (48-hour press time). The bonding strength of 71.72 kg / cm² (when pressed for 72 hours). MOE 50404.92 kg / cm² (when pressing 72 hours). MOR 323.49 kg / cm² (when pressing 72 hours). Variations on the results of physical and mechanical properties testing are due to the imbalance quality of wood waste, lamina board preparation factors, gluing process, non-uniform initial moisture content of the lamina board and unavoidable defects in wood waste. The only delamination ratio testing that meets the JAS 234: 2003 standard is UF treatment for 48 hours. This happens due to the less perfect line of sample sticking. Formaldehyde emissions are all F **** treatments. This shows that the adhesive used is included in the adhesive that is environmentally friendly. The best time to press the PVAc and UF + Tanin adhesive treatment were 72 hours, while the UF treatment was 48 hours.